Background: Gossypium barbadense L. is the most important renewable source of textile fiber. Cotton fiber cell initiation and elongation are often affected by various environmental stimulus, such as high temperature. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of temperature regulating the fuzz fiber initiation.Results: In the present study, phenotypic observation revealed that high temperature (HT) accelerated the fiber development, improved fiber quality and induced fuzz fiber initiation. It has been proved that the fuzz fiber initiation was inhibited by low temperature (LT), and 4 days post-anthesis (DPA) was the key stage for fuzz fiber initiation. Based on comparative transcriptome analysis, a total of 43,826 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 9,667 were involved in both fiber development and temperature response with 901 transcription factor genes and 189 genes related to plant hormone signal transduction. Further analysis of gene expression patterns revealed that 240 genes were involved in fuzz fiber initiation. Functional annotation revealed that the candidate genes related to fuzz initiation were significantly involved in asparagine biosynthetic process, cell wall biosynthesis and stress response. Furthermore, the expression trends of sixteen selected genes from the RNA-seq data were almost consistent with the results of qRT-PCR results.Conclusions: Our study revealed several potential candidate genes and pathways that related to fuzz fiber initiation induced by high-temperature and provided a new view of temperature-induced tissue and organ development in Gossypium barbadense.

Objectives To investigate the transfection efficiency of human UW-MSCs with lentiviral vector carrying S100A1 at different multiplicities of infection (MOI), different time points and its influences on cell growth. Meanwhile, the safety of transfected UW-MSCs transplantation was also investigated. Methods UW-MSCs cultured in vitro were infected by Lentiviral-S100A1- enhanced green fluorescent protein (Lenti-S100A1-EGFP) reporter gene with different MOIs (0, 5, 10,50). The expression of EGFP was observed under the fluorescent microscopy at 2,7 and 10 days after the infection. At the same time points, the viability, proliferation multiplicity and differentiation status of the daughter cells were measured to show the effects of the lentivirus on the survival, proliferation and differentiation of UW-MSCs. The mRNA transcription and content of S100A1 protein was detected by Real-time PCR and Western blot at 10 days. Flow cytometry was employed to assess the transfection efficiency and the fluorescence index (FI) number. The transfected UW-MSCs were transplanted into the infarcted myocardium of a murine MI model, then the vital signs were monitored and outcome of the rats were assessed. The rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks, and hearts were sliced and observed under a fluorescent microscope to determine the expression of EGFP. Results The UW-MSCs showed green fluorescence 36 hours after the lentiviral infection, with uneven fluorescence intensity, which intensifies with time and reached a stable level after 7 days. At all time points, there are no obvious differences of viability, proliferation multiplicity, and differentiation status among cells treated with different MOIs of the virus (P > 0.05). At the same MOI. The proliferation multiplicity increased progressively in a time-dependent manner (P < 0.05). At the same MOI value, at 10 days, the results of PCR and WB show that the CT index of the study group was higher than the control group at MOI = 5 (P = 0.015), MOI = 10 (P = 0.005) and MOI = 50 (P = 0.02), and the optic density of the study group was significantly higher than the control group (P = 0.003<0.05). Flow cytometry showed that the transfection efficiency and the FI increased in various extent with increase of MOI and the incubation time (P < 0.05). At 4 weeks after the transplantation, the rats didn’t show any deterioration of the vital signs or death; pathological observation showed green fluorescence within the myocardium of the UW-MSCs transplanted rats. Conclusions The present study showed that the UW-MSCs can be efficiently transfected with the Lenti-S100A1-EGFP vector. Within a short time, the transfection efficiency and the FI increased obviously with the increase of MOI and incubation time. The viability and proliferation of the UW-MSCs were not affected by the infection of Lenti-S100A1-EGFP,showing that lentivirus can be a safe and efficient transferring vector for engineering UW-MSCs. The present study also investigated the safety and persistence of the gene expression, which confirmed ...