No abstract

The effective interaction between two infinite, uniformly charged planes immersed in electrolyte solution having only monovalent counterions is calculated using Poisson-Boltzmann equation. Meanwhile, the influence of the boundary (a infinite, uniform charged plane) on a charged colloid sphere is investigated using the Derjaguin approximation. It is found that there is only repulsive force between two charged planes in the absence of microion correlation. Furthermore, the variation in the boundary condition has little effect on their effective interaction. The conclusions are similar with that of the charged-plane and charged-colloid-sphere system.

The isoscalar giant monopole and quadrupole states of finite nuclei are studied in a relativistic chiral breaking field theory by making use of local Lorentz-boost and scaling method. The nuclear surface effect and the density distribution are treated in the relativistic Thomas-Fermi approximation. The excitation energies of the giant resonances are selfconsistently calculated. The numerical results for the excitation energies are in agreement with experimental data for all nuclei.