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Many kinds of antibacterial coatings have been designed to prevent the adherence of bacteria onto the surface of a fixed orthodontic device of brackets. However, the problems such as weak binding force, undetectable, drug resistance, cytotoxicity and short duration needed to be solved. Thus, it has great value in developing novel coating methods with long-term antibacterial and fluorescence properties according to the clinical application of brackets. In this study, we synthesized blue fluorescent carbon dots (HCDs) using the traditional Chinese medicinal honokiol, which could cause irreversible killing effects on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria through positive charges on the surface and inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Based on this, the surface of brackets was serially modified with polydopamine and HCDs, taking advantage of the strong adhesive properties as well as the negative surface charge of polydopamine particles. It is found that this coating exhibits stable antibacterial properties in 14 days with good biocompatibility, which can provide a new solution and strategy to solve the series of hazards caused by bacterial adhesion on the surface of orthodontic brackets. Graphical Abstract

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have the potential of long‐term self‐renewal and differentiation into nearly all cell types in vitro. Prior to the downstream applications, the design of chemically defined synthetic substrates for the large‐scale proliferation of quality‐controlled hPSCs is critical. Although great achievements have been made, Matrigel and recombinant proteins are still widely used in the fundamental research and clinical applications. Therefore, much effort is still needed to improve the performance of synthetic substrates in the culture of hPSCs, realizing their commercial applications. In this review, we summarized the design of reported synthetic substrates and especially their limitations in terms of cell culture. Moreover, much attention was paid to the development of promising peptide displaying surfaces. Besides, the biophysical regulation of synthetic substrate surfaces as well as the three‐dimensional culture systems were described.

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Background The curriculum of interdisciplinary oral undergraduates can help to train stomatologists with better analytical, creative and critical thinking. The curriculum reform of stomatology students is a hot topic in domestic colleges and universities.Objective The aim of this study was to (1) analyze the necessity and feasibility of setting up interdisciplinary courses through advanced cases at home and abroad and to summarize the successful experience,(2) to understand the cognition, learning interest and knowledge mastery of interdisciplinary students majoring in stomatology to lay a foundation for the formulation of training programs and development strategies for interdisciplinary innovative talents, and (3)summarize the current situation of undergraduate discipline cross-training and propose improvement measures.Methods The successful precedents of curriculum reform at home and abroad were collected, and a questionnaire on the cognition of stomatology students majoring in stomatology was designed according to the curriculum design of undergraduates in oral medicine at Lanzhou University. The results of 451 questionnaires of stomatology majors were collected, and the cognitive situation, internal mechanism, external environment and overall learning structure of interdisciplinary construction were summarized and analyzed. To achieve better reform results, we have gained experiences from the successful cases of various curriculum reforms in stomatology at home and abroad and carried out "localization" according to the actual situation. During the period, getting feedback from students helped to promote the research.Results A total of 83.6% of the respondents thought that there was a great intersection or great intersection between stomatology and other majors, and 99.8% of the respondents thought that interdisciplinary knowledge was very beneficial or relatively beneficial to the scientific research of this major. A total of 69.2% of the interviewees thought that their interdisciplinary knowledge was below average or on average, and 95.1% of the interviewees said they were very willing or more willing to learn more interdisciplinary knowledge.Conclusion It is necessary and feasible to carry out interdisciplinary education in the stage of stomatology major undergraduate education and to cultivate interdisciplinary innovative talents in stomatology. The improvement of the curriculum, the construction of an interdisciplinary cooperation base and the establishment of an interdisciplinary cooperation mode need to be further explored, expanded and deepened.