In order to design high-performance roadways, a robust tool which can compute the structural response caused by moving vehicles is necessary. Therefore, this paper proposes a spectral element method-based model to accurately and effectively predict the 3D dynamic response of layered systems under a moving load.A layer spectral element and a semi-infinite spectral element are developed to respectively model a layer and a half-space, and the combinations of these two elements can simulate layered systems. The detailed mathematical derivation and numerical validation of the proposed model are included. Addition-ally, this model is used to investigate the dynamic characteristics of a pavement structure under a moving harmonic rectangular load. The results show that the proposed model can accurately predict the dynamic response of layered systems caused by a moving load.It is also found that the vertical displacement amplitude curves of surface points caused by a moving harmonic load are asymmetric along the moving direction, and this property is more dominant at higher velocities. In addition, the amplitudes of these vertical displacements are smaller if the loading frequency is higher or the loss factor is bigger. Finally, the loading area and Poisson's ratio only have effect on the displacement amplitudes of points in the close vicinity of the loading area. The proposed model is beneficial to the development of engineering methods for pavement design and is a promising parameter back-calculation engine for pavement

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We report on the fabrication of porous ZnO microspheres (pZnO MSs) grafted with thermo-responsive polymers of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) for photocatalysis applications. Photodegradation of Rhodamine B (Rh-B) is used to evaluate the photocatalysis performance of pZnO MSs grafted with PNIPAM (pZnO MSs-PNIPAM). The results show that pZnO MSs-PNIPAM exhibits a reversible temperaturecontrolled photocatalysis activity and good recycling perform-ance. By adjusting the environmental temperature, the photocatalysis property of pZnO MSs-PNIPAM can be turned on/off, resulting in a temperature-controlled switching function of the obvious/unobvious photocatalysis performance below/upon the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM. Additionally, the dispersion property of pZnO MSs-PNIPAM in water can also be regulated by changing the environment temperature, demonstrating the potential applications in that of photocatalysis-related fields for the graft systems.

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