Interfaces including grain boundaries and heterophase interfaces could withstand the radiation damage via providing sites for trapping the defects. With the urgent demand for high radiation-tolerance nanostructured materials, exploration of the structural properties, especially the role of the interfaces on the radiation response in the nanomaterials, is of significant essentialness in developing the design of new radiation-resistant materials. Herein, the recent progress and development of two main kinds of interfaces, namely the grain boundaries in nanocrystalline and the hetero-phase interfaces in nanolayered materials and nano-composites, in nanostructured materials that are designed for radiation tolerance are summarized. In addition, the radiation response and resistant mechanism under irradiation conditions of the nanocrystalline materials like metals, single-phase alloys, and ceramics, as well as the nanocomposites like nanolayered metals, nanolayered ceramics, metal-carbon nanocomposite, and nanoparticle dispersed steels, are reviewed. Finally, challenges and perspectives are proposed to offer advice for the development of radiation resistance nanomaterials.