Poor air quality inside museums is one of the main causes influencing the state of conservation of exhibits. Even if they are mostly placed in a controlled environment because of their construction materials, the exhibits can be very vulnerable to the influence of the internal microclimate. As a consequence, museum exhibits must be protected from potential negative effects. In order to prevent and stop the process of damage of the exhibits, monitoring the main parameters of the microclimate (especially temperature, humidity, and brightness) and keeping them in strict values is extremely important. The present study refers to the investigations and analysis of air quality inside a museum, located in a heritage building, from Romania. The paper focuses on monitoring and analysing temperature of air and walls, relative humidity (RH), CO2, brightness and particulate matters (PM), formaldehyde (HCHO), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC). The monitoring was carried out in the Summer–Autumn 2020 Campaign, in two different exhibition areas (first floor and basement) and the main warehouse where the exhibits are kept and restored. The analyses aimed both at highlighting the hazard induced by the poor air quality inside the museum that the exhibits face. The results show that this environment is potentially harmful to both exposed items and people. Therefore, the number of days in which the ideal conditions in terms of temperature and RH are met are quite few, the concentration of suspended particles, formaldehyde, and total volatile organic compounds often exceed the limit allowed by the international standards in force. The results represent the basis for the development and implementation of strategies for long-term conservation of exhibits and to ensure a clean environment for employees, restorers, and visitors.

Old textiles represent important samples of the mobile cultural heritage, having implications on the social and spirituallife of each population. In order to keep them in the best condition, it is necessary to implement methods to preventdamages, but also to rehabilitate and clean the already affected fabrics. In the case of textiles that need to be treated,a fundamental thing is the unaltered preservation of the initial characteristics of the materials, even after theinterventions. The aim of our study is to test the feasibility of a non-invasive alternative to usual chemicals for cleaningtextiles; Chitosan’s antimicrobial and cleaning effects on a pair of Romanian traditional cotton trousers, from Maramuresarea was analyzed. A few images were taken from SEM of untreated and treated fabric with Chitosan solution usingdifferent magnifications, in order to check the changes on the fabric surface. The purpose was to observe if there aresome color changes after Chitosan treatment, so the CIELAB color values (L, a, b) of untreated and treated sampleswere analyzed. The analysis of the treated samples revealed strong antimicrobial effects of Chitosan

The quality of the indoor microclimate in museums is a problem of great interest to the contemporary society, given that it is in close connection with the health and comfort of visitors and employees, as well as with the integrity of the exhibits. Taking into account the fact that museums are places that have a special role in the community’s life and therefore attract a very large number of visitors of all ages, a very important issue is to determine the degree of safety that the indoor microclimate presents. Thus, the quality of the indoor microclimate was investigated inside an iconic museum in Romania, dating back to the 19th century, because pollutants from external or internal sources of the building, generated secondary, often anthropogenic, as a tendency to defend/adapt to climate change (CC), contribute to both local and regional pollution, but also lead to challenges in identifying links between air quality (AQ) and and climate change (CC). The methodology used was based on monitoring the main parameters of the microclimate (temperature, relative humidity and CO2) over a period of between October 2020 and March 2021, 21 weeks, as well as on determining the microbiological contamination of the air and some indoor exhibits located in three different areas of the museum. At the same time, the study aims to identify cheap, easy to implement and non-invasive solutions for removing fungi identified on exhibits for long-term preservation and reducing the risk of various pathologies in humans following prolonged exposure. The results obtained show that the indoor microclimate in the old heritage building favours the development of fungi, which have a high degree of contamination of the air (over 800 CFU/m3) and of the exhibits, representing a potential risk for the health of the visitors and museum workers. Thus, six species of yeast and five different fungi genera were identified in the air, while on the exhibits were individualised six fungi genera, a species of yeast and a bacterium. The most viable solution for cleaning materials, prolonging their lifespan and reducing the risk of disease in humans was represented by the use of essential oils (EO). Three essential oils (lavender, mint and lemon) were applied on an exhibit with five different microorganism genera, and it was observed that they have the ability to inhibit the spores from moulds and bacteria, being a very good alternative to the usual chemical treatments that are used in the cultural heritage field.

Landscape-geochemical assessment of the industrial areas is of particular interest. This paper describes the microelement composition of soils, investigates hydrochemical composition of surface waters and vegetation of the territory. A landscape-geochemical analysis of the Khromtau industrial zone was carried out. The article includes results of studying of the patterns of the profile distribution of the morphological, physico-chemical properties of soils and their transformation under the influence of the mining industry and urban loads. The study reveals main types of rearrangements of the ecological and geochemical structure of soil profiles, which sharply differ from the background soils of the region. During field research, key * Corresponding author Aidana BEKETOVA, Zharas BERDENOV, Gulshat ATAEVA, Ruslan SAFAROV, Zhanat SHOMANOVA, Grigore HERMAN 1450 areas were laid. In the key areas, soil pits were laid for sampling soil from various horizons, for subsequent chemical analysis of the constituent components, and vegetation was selected for chemical analysis. Geoenvironmental analysis allows scientific justifying creation of technogenic reservations as a basis for protection of recreational areas. The work contains conceptual and methodological approaches to ensuring geo-ecological assessment of geosystems. The analysis of the interaction of the natural, economic, social subsystems and control systems with modern geosystems, based on the ecosystem services, provided by natural subsystem demanded by society and economy. A model of technogenic geosystem and a series of the indicators reflecting properties, quantitative and qualitative features of each block of subsystems has been developed. Structural variations which arise in geosystem as a result of anthropogenous transformation lets to establish quality of technogenic geosystem and to rank them from steadily functioning to the actively degrading.

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