Crop diseases, pest infestations, water shortages, weed infestations, and other issues affect the agriculture sector. Due to existing agricultural techniques, these issues result in significant crop loss, economic loss, and severe environmental hazards. Because agriculture is such a dynamic industry, robotics cannot solve all of its difficulties; instead, a single solution to a specific complex problem is supplied. To assist with these issues and provide a better approach globally, a variety of systems have been developed. Plant protection robots are characterized by complexity, constraint, and nonlinearity. In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of plant protection robots in agricultural job path planning, we propose a path planning method for agricultural plant protection robots based on a nonlinear algorithm. The ant colony algorithm was selected to plan the path distance index according to the working environment, and the feasibility of the simulation system was calculated. The results show that the fastest time used by the nonlinear algorithm is 5.3, and the path planning accuracy is up to 97.8%. Compared with the traditional algorithm, the algorithm has higher accuracy, less computing time, and higher computing efficiency.

Agricultural mechanization information in our country has the main problems existing in the management and utilization. The analysis of China’s agricultural mechanization management model and related software is presented based on combining modern science and technology as well as the development of agricultural mechanization management information system based on network software to standardize the management information collection, processing, storage and transmission, agricultural mechanization management information science, standardization, automation, etc. According to the analysis, the output target speed after fusion is more stable, and the stability is increased by 59.59% compared with the single-point GNSS velocity measurement data, and by 18.32% compared with the data measured by the binocular vision velocity measurement system. It has realized the goal of accurate speed measurement from low speed to high speed. In particular, it has solved the problems such as vehicles unable to complete positioning and vehicle skidding caused by trees blocking GNSS satellite signals during field operations.