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Cutting gearbox with complex structure is difficult to obtain mechanical parameters and conduct fault diagnosis, aiming at this problem, a novel handling method is proposed after studying vibration theory of gearbox. Firstly, traditional calculation method and modal analysis are combined to acquire mechanical parameters of gearbox, especially inherent frequencies of decelerator housing and gear transmissions which are difficult to calculate. Based on Haar-Wavelet, vibration test signal of cutting gearbox is de-noised. And Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is conducted for de-noised signal, thus operation status of gearbox can be analyzed in time domain and frequency domain. Taking a mine cutting gearbox as an example, the method proposed is used to detect parts damage in maintenance process. It is found that the tooth surface of second-stage gear transmission arise even wear, and this is consistent with actual situation. Therefore the practicability and effectiveness of this method are verified, and a new solution is provided for other gearboxes with complex structure.