No abstract

A new fuzzy enhancement method is put forward in the paper combining with Young-Helmholtz (Y-H) color space and fuzzy set theory. Color images with RGB tri-channels are transformed into Y-H color space by using Greaves transformation method. The colors image could be decomposed into chromaticity numbers matrix and intensity numbers matrix. The intensity numbers matrix is processed by using fuzzy enhancement arithmetic, while chromaticity numbers matrix keeps invariant. The primary chromaticity numbers matrix and enhanced intensity numbers matrix are processed by using Y-H inverse transformation. The method put forward in the paper have characteristics of efficiency, convenience and high speed. The method can achieve enhancement for color medical images without changing hue and saturation.

Femoral midshaft fracture is one of the most common clinical injuries and is often caused by high-energy traffic accidents. Intramedullary nailings, plates, and external fixators are all used as treatment alternatives for a variety of patients depending on fracture location, displacement, comminution, soft tissue condition, and local tradition. Locked intramedullary nailing is currently the preferred treatment method for most diaphyseal fractures and has good clinical results. The goal of this study was to compare expandable and locked intramedullary nailing for the treatment of AO type 32A and 32B1 femoral midshaft fractures. The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 46 patients (33 men and 13 women; mean age, 32.3 years; range, 22-52 years) with femoral midshaft fractures who were divided into 2 groups-one treated with an expandable intramedullary nailing method and the other with a conventional locked intramedullary nailing. The 2 groups were compared with respect to operation time, fluoroscopic time, amount of estimated blood loss, hospitalization time, healing time, and complications. Patients were followed for at least 1 year. The results of this study showed that all of the patients achieved bone union within 12 to 24 months. Expandable nailing performed better than locked nailing in operation time, fluoroscopic time, amount of estimated blood loss, and healing time (P<.001). There was no difference in hospitalization time and no visible shortening or severe complications were observed in either group. Based on the results of this study, the expandable intramedullary nailing is an easy and effective treatment for AO type 32A and 32B1 diaphyseal femoral fractures.

With increasing of compressor high pressure, the two stage cycle with an expander has a downward trend. With increasing of the evaporating temperature, the two stage cycle with an expander has an increasing trend. With increasing of outlet temperature of condenser; the two stage cycle with an expander has a downward trend. With increasing of intermediate pressure, the performance of the two stage cycle with an expander is decreased.