Streaming media transmission requires strict quality of service (QoS) parameters such as maximum delay and delay jitter. An effective streaming media routing algorithm is a key factor in ensuring QoS. The existing solution only considers a single parameter indicator in the performance parameters such as bandwidth, delay, and utilization of the link, and fails to comprehensively measure the data flow in the network. It is not possible to comprehensively measure the relationship between the business attributes and the QoS parameters. Firstly, the deterministic upper bounds of QoS parameters in streaming media networks are solved by using network calculus theory, and the QoS parameters are normalized, and a multi-constrained QoS resource allocation model is established; the separation of control and forwarding planes is defined by using software-defined networking (SDN) to deploy the multi-constrained QoS resource allocation model in the control plane; the QoS routing system of streaming media network based on the SDN is designed and implemented, including flow table scheduling model, routing function, measurement and forwarding modules. In the routing function module of the SDN controller, a multi-constrained QoS routing algorithm based on network calculus is implemented. Experimental results show that the proposed multi-constrained QoS resource allocation model based on network calculus and the multi-constrained centralized QoS routing algorithm based on the SDN have good performance. INDEX TERMSSDN, network calculus, streaming media, multi-constrained QoS, centralized QoS routing. I. INTRODUCTION A. MOTIVATION: QOS OF STREAMING MEDIA

Corn straw biochar and peanut shell biochar were used as an adsorbent, duly affected by the condition of diverse concentrations of ammonium nitrogen, response times, the pH and temperature levels. The study focused on the adsorption characteristics of ammonium nitrogen by corn straw biochar and peanut shell biochar, which demonstrated that the adsorption rate of ammonium nitrogen by corn straw biochar and peanut shell biochar is higher in the initial response. The adsorption quantity rises quickly and attains equilibrium after 4 hours. The adsorbance, once stable was found to be 753.29mg/kg for corn straw biochar and 1003.70mg/kg for peanut shell biochar.The adsorption characteristics of ammonium nitrogen by corn straw biochar and peanut shell biochar are more fitted to the Freundlich equation (Freundlich adsorption isotherm), within the limits of pH 5 to9. The adsorption of ammonium nitrogen by corn straw biochar and peanut shell biochar increased with the increase in the pH and temperature. The adsorption effectiveness of peanut shell biochar is better than corn straw biochar.

<em>Abstract</em>&mdash;The bandwidth allocation in both wired and wireless networks has posed great challenges to network engineers for improving desirable Quality of Service (QoS), Bandwidth allocation is always an important element for improve QoS of network. Despite this, IEEE 802.16e-2005 does not have a bandwidth allocation algorithm or mechanism to support (worldwide interoperability for microwave access) WiMAX network presently. This includes both uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) directions. Thus, most of researches are focusing in this area. In order to improve the QoS of WiMAX demand, the total capacity of WiMAX system must be optimized. Thereby, in this research, a new bandwidth allocation mechanism for WiMAX network is proposed, called On Demand Bandwidth Allocation (ODBA). The proposed mechanism design has the management module in the Subscribe Station (SS), which is for management UL bandwidth, and one new module in the Base Station (BS). This includes UL/DL bandwidth allocation and service flow schedule. We tested the new mechanism by running in the simulation of OMNET++. As the results show that the ODBA mechanism has improve the scheduled probability (SP) and increase the throughput of WiMAX networ