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11)n this paper the real driving particle number PN emissions from two China compliant hybrid electrical vehicles 12 (EVs were measured using a certification level portable emission measurement system PEMS and strict 13 adherence to the regulatory procedures for real driving emission RDE testing The results show that the trip 14 averaged PN emission factors for the port fuel injection PF) (EV and the gasoline direct injection GD) (EV were 15 E and E km respectively much higher than the engine only counterparts and failing the existing RDE limits Enriched air fuel mixtures and probably lowered catalyst conversion efficiencies as a result of more frequent engine stop and goes of the (EVs are found to be the underlying reasons for the extra PN emissions The test results also suggest the necessity to amend the power management strategy currently widely used in (EVs to deal with the PN issue Key words particle number real driving emission hybrid vehicles port fuel injection gasoline direct injection

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