Density functional theory (DFT) computations were performed to investigate the electronic properties and Li storage capability of Ti(3)C(2), one representative MXene (M represents transition metals, and X is either C or/and N) material, and its fluorinated and hydroxylated derivatives. The Ti(3)C(2) monolayer acts as a magnetic metal, while its derived Ti(3)C(2)F(2) and Ti(3)C(2)(OH)(2) in their stable conformations are semiconductors with small band gaps. Li adsorption forms a strong Coulomb interaction with Ti(3)C(2)-based hosts but well preserves its structural integrity. The bare Ti(3)C(2) monolayer exhibits a low barrier for Li diffusion and high Li storage capacity (up to Ti(3)C(2)Li(2) stoichiometry). The surface functionalization of F and OH blocks Li transport and decreases Li storage capacity, which should be avoided in experiments. The exceptional properties, including good electronic conductivity, fast Li diffusion, low operating voltage, and high theoretical Li storage capacity, make Ti(3)C(2) MXene a promising anode material for Li ion batteries.

The CdTe nanoparticles were prepared in aqueous solution using different mercaptocarboxylic acids such as 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and thioglycolic acid (TGA) as stabilizing agents following the synthetic route described in ref . The pH-dependent photoluminescence (PL) of MPA- and TGA-stabilized CdTe nanoparticles was systematically investigated before and after addition of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) into the CdTe solutions. Experimental results reveal that lowering the pH can increase the PL efficiency of both MPA- and TGA-stabilized CdTe. Moreover, the PL of the CdTe can further be increased in the presence of PAA in low pH range. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to investigate the interaction between the carboxyl groups from PAA and CdTe nanoparticles which were assembled in polymer matrix by a layer-by-layer self-assembly method to exclude interference from other species in CdTe solutions. XPS results demonstrate that the S/Te ratio of CdTe particles decreases after the addition of PAA, which strongly suggests that PAA can strongly interact with CdTe nanoparticles via the coordination between carboxyl groups and cadmium ions on the particle surface. As a result, the PL efficiency of the mercaptocarboxylic acid-stabilized CdTe nanoparticles is enhanced in acidic range.

Lithium ion batteries cannot meet the ever increasing demands of human society. Thus batteries with Li-metal anodes are eyed to revive. Here we summarize the recent progress in developing practical Li-metal anodes for various Li-based batteries.