Natural fractures are crucial for connecting with reservoir matrix pores and influencing the fluid velocity in the matrix during unconventional oil and gas development. The development of natural fractures has significant impact on the effectiveness of extraction and even the final recovery factor. The development stage of natural fractures in reservoirs is characterized by fracture density and fracture occurrence, which are the key characteristics. The probabilistic models of fracture occurrence and density that are now available, however, still have several drawbacks. Therefore, a fracture occurrence model that may reflect both inclination and dip angles is proposed in a three-dimensional scenario in this study based on formation micro-imager imaging logging and the elliptic Fisher model. The findings demonstrate the accuracy and clarity of the proposed 3D fracture occurrence model in reflecting the fracture density and occurrence, as well as the superiority of data simulation. The algorithm described in this study is shown to be very close to the real distribution law. The results enable visualization of the fracture density and occurrence, which is crucial for directing engineering practice and assessing the sensitivity of directional data in other domains.

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Oil and gas exploration professionals have begun to focus more on unconventional oil and gas reserves in recent years as a result of their increased efforts. Fractures have a significant impact on the permeability and connectivity of reservoirs as a crucial component of rock mechanics and hydraulics, which directly affects the production of oil and gas. The identification of fracture development zones or micro faults, as well as how to adequately define the fracturing model, have thus become crucial and pressing issues in the forecast of oil and gas reservoirs. In this study, we decompose the three-dimensional seismic data volume in a site in order to obtain the single frequency data volume that can be calculated using the ant tracking technique. We do this by taking advantage of the synchronous extrusion improvement of short time Fourier transform in time-frequency focusing. Coupled with the advanced DFN model, the extracted data are calibrated in various rock attributes to restore the morphology and characteristics of fractures. The findings demonstrate that this method is capable of providing not only a precise outline of micro fractures but also a reflection of the characteristics of fractures at various scales, including structure and associated properties. The precision and applicability of this method are confirmed in this paper, which is significant as a reference for the oil and gas exploration industry.