Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been widely used for the treatment of hematologic malignant and non-malignant hematologic diseases and other diseases. However, acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a life-threatening complication of allogeneic transplantation. Acute GVHD may occur in 30% of transplant recipients, which is a syndrome of erythematous skin eruption, cholestatic liver disease and intestinal dysfunction, resulting from the activation of donor T lymphocytes by host antigen-presenting cells, resulting in an immune-mediated inflammatory response. Recent scientific advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis involved in the development of acute GVHD and clinical investigation have provided more effective therapeutic strategies for acute GVHD. This review focuses on major scientific and clinical advances in the treatment of acute GVHD.

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Hydrogen gas has been reported to have medical efficacy since the 1880s. Still, medical researchers did not pay much attention to hydrogen gas until the 20th century. Recent research, both basic and clinical, has proven that hydrogen is an important physiological regulatory factor with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. In the past two decades, more than 1000 papers have been published on the topic, including organ ischemia-reperfusion injury, radiation injury, diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, or cancer. We have previously hypothesized and proven the therapeutic effects of hydrogen gas in graft-versus-host disease following stem cell transplantation. In the current manuscript, we present the clinical advances of hydrogen gas in hematological disorders.