No abstract

Sestrin2 is a highly conserved protein that can be induced under a variety of stress conditions, including DNA damage, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and metabolic stress. Numerous studies have shown that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has a crucial role in the regulation of metabolism. Sestrin2 regulates metabolism via a number of pathways, including activation of AMPK, inhibition of the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), activation of mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2), inhibition of ER stress, and promotion of autophagy. Therefore, modulation of Sestrin2 activity may provide a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. In this review, we examined the regulatory relationship between Sestrin2 and the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway and the effects of Sestrin2 on energy metabolism.

No abstract

In this experimental work, "soft" lead zirconate titanate specimens in an initially unpoled state were subjected to combined electromechanical loading, in which a compressive stress and a parallel, proportional electric field were applied simultaneously. By changing the ratio of stress to the electric field between tests, a series of nonlinear polarization and strain responses were obtained. An attempt has been made to explain the experimental findings by simultaneously taking into account the contributions of dielectric response, elastic deformation, piezoeffects, and irreversible domain switching. Initial domain switching surfaces in the biaxial stress and electric field space were determined based on an offset method. Several switching conditions existing in the literature were summarized and compared with the experimental data obtained in this work. Such an investigation may serve to calibrate and validate existing constitutive models concerning the large-signal nonlinear behavior of piezoceramics.

Acute type A aortic dissection (AD) has been recognized as a potentially life threatening condition, which sometimes involves the ostium of the coronary artery and may lead to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In patients with acute type A AD presenting with clinical signs of AMI, it is crucial to establish the diagnosis rapidly in order to proceed with the correct treatment. The present study reports the diagnosis of a rare case of acute type A AD with the typical presentation of acute inferior MI and cardiogenic shock, which was accidentally diagnosed during catheterization and treated by right coronary ostial occlusion stenting, allowing for further surgical interventions.