[1] A coupled climate model study indicates the paleoclimate record of glacial thermohaline circulation (THC) and reversed deep-sea temperature-salinity (T-S) distribution in the Atlantic can be explained largely by lower glacial atmospheric CO 2 alone. The reduced CO 2 leads to increased Southern Ocean wintertime sea-ice cover and salinity, increased production of dense Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), enhanced cold and saline AABW penetration into the deep North Atlantic, increased oceanic vertical stability, and reduced North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) circulation. The dominant role of CO 2 forcing during the glacial implies a positive feedback between the Southern Ocean regulated THC and the glacial global carbon cycle.

The influence of changes in vegetation cover on short-term climate over the East Asian monsoon region is simulated using the Community Climate System Model Version 3.5. The results show the annual mean surface air temperature significantly decreases by 0.93°C in response to afforestation over the East Asian monsoon region. Also, surface air temperature decreases by 1.46 and 0.40°C in summer and winter, respectively. The cooling is caused by enhanced evapotranspiration (ET) produced by increased forest cover. Evapotranspiration is greater in summer than in winter, so summer cooling is greater than winter cooling. The annual mean precipitation increases in response to afforestation, with a maximum of 7% in April. Water vapor increases significantly because of greater latent heat flux release. Meanwhile, afforestation leads to higher surface roughness, which decreases surface wind speed and induces an ascending air motion. These factors can produce more clouds and precipitation. Moreover, the surface albedo and the reflective solar radiation are reduced in response to afforestation.East Asian monsoon region, energy budget, forest cover, hydrological cycle, vegetation cover change

Based on transient simulation of the last deglaciation (significant global warming period) using a fully coupled model and sensitivity experiment, we show explicitly how the thermohaline circulation (THC) affects the climate of China, especially during periods of abrupt climate change. The simulated evolution of the Chinese climate was consistent with the paleoclimate record during the last deglaciation. For example, the whole Chinese region warmed significantly during the Bølling-Allerød warming event (BA). When the magnitude of the THC was reduced in the sensitivity experiment during BA, warming of the Chinese region was greatly affected. Our work shows that in addition to orbital forcing and greenhouse gases, the THC is an important factor influencing climate change in China at the century scale. thermohaline circulation, China, model simulation, climate change, partial Blocking scheme, Bølling-Allerød warming event, Hulu Cave Citation: Cheng J, Liu Z Y, He F, et al. Model evidence for climatic impact of thermohaline circulation on China at the century scale.

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