Styrax japonicus (S. japonicus) is an important flowering tree species in temperate regions, and it is regarded as a nectariferous plant. However, there have been few studies to date analyzing floral development in this species. In order to understand gene expression dynamics during S. japonicus flower development, we; therefore, prepared cDNA libraries from three distinct stages of S. japonicus. Illumina sequencing generated 31,471 differentially expressed unigenes during flower development. We additionally conducted pathway enrichment analyses using the GO and KEGG database in order to assess the functions of genes differentially expressed during different stages of the floral development process, revealing these genes to be associated with pathways including phytohormone signaling, Transcription factor, protein kinase, and circadian rhythms. In total, 4828 TF genes, 8402 protein kinase genes, and 78 DEGs related to hormone pathways were identified in flower development stages. Six genes were selected for confirmation of expression levels using quantitative real-time PCR. The gene expression data presented herein represent the most comprehensive dataset available regarding the flowering of S. japonicus, thus offering a reference for future studies of the flowering of this and other Styracaceae species.

Styrax japonicus is a shrub with high economic values. Here, complete chloroplast (cp) genomes were reported using high-throughput Illumina sequencing. The size of the S. japonicus chloroplast genome is 157,940 bp long, with an average AT content of 63.05%, containing a pair of inverted repeats of 24,047 bp, separated by a large single copy and a small single copy region of 87,562 bp and 22,284 bp, respectively. It contains 125 genes, including79 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA genes, and eight ribosomal RNA genes. A maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree supported the fact that the chloroplast genome of S. japonicus is closely related to that of Symplocos paniculate.

Stephanandra incisa is a typical discontinuous distribution species in the eastern part of the subspecies with a high economic and ecological value. In this study, we have obtained the complete chloroplast genome of S. incisa using high-throughput sequencing. The chloroplast genome length was 159,583 bp, the AT content was 63.7%, while the large single copy and a small single copy area were 88,018 bp and 18,817 bp, respectively. It contains 131 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA genes, and eight ribosomal RNA genes. A maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree supported the fact that S. incisa is closely related to Pyracantha fortuneana and Amelanchier sinica , which is consistent with the taxonomic view.

Abstract. This paper conducts correctly the mechanical analysis of joints by clinching for various values of module and process parameter. The force of tensile and shearing of the joint by clinching in AL5052 sheets were analyzed; the theoretical calculation formulas of the shearing and tensile force were deduced based on plastic forming principle. Then the clinching process was carried out by FEM simulation and experiment; the joint strength was obtained by shearing and tensile test. The results of strength tests of the joint were consistent with those obtained for theoretical calculation.