Reconstructing the genomes of bilaterian ancestors is central to our understanding of animal evolution, where knowledge from ancient and/or slow-evolving bilaterian lineages is critical. Here we report a high-quality, chromosome-anchored reference genome for the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis, a bivalve mollusc that has a slow-evolving genome with many ancestral features. Chromosome-based macrosynteny analysis reveals a striking correspondence between the 19 scallop chromosomes and the 17 presumed ancestral bilaterian linkage groups at a level of conservation previously unseen, suggesting that the scallop may have a karyotype close to that of the bilaterian ancestor. Scallop Hox gene expression follows a new mode of subcluster temporal co-linearity that is possibly ancestral and may provide great potential in supporting diverse bilaterian body plans. Transcriptome analysis of scallop mantle eyes finds unexpected diversity in phototransduction cascades and a potentially ancient Pax2/5/8-dependent pathway for noncephalic eyes. The outstanding preservation of ancestral karyotype and developmental control makes the scallop genome a valuable resource for understanding early bilaterian evolution and biology.

be more suitable for Na + insertion. As proposed by Stevens and Dahn, the sodium storage behaviors occurring in hard carbons obey a "house of cards" model, [ 12 ] and Cao et al. have provided theoretical supports, demonstrating that carbon materials with an interlayer distance of >3.7 nm is electrochemically active for Na + insertion. [ 11b ] Moreover, Wang's team has confi rmed that an expanded graphite anode with an enlarged interlayer distance of 4.3 nm has a high sodium storage performance. [ 11c ] The expanding of the interlayer distances can result similar effects in facilitating the Na + insertion in hard carbon. [ 11d ] It is worth noting that the doping covalent heteroatom is capable of turning the physicochemical properties of carbonaceous materials [ 13 ] and N-doped carbon materials have exhibited the enhanced sodium storage performance by enhancing the Na adsorption capability and electronic conductivity. [ 14 ] Furthermore, another heteroatom of sulfur is also proposed to enhance the sodium storage capacity by affecting the interlayer of carbon. [ 5b ] On the basis of the mentioned above, the codoping of nitrogen and sulfur would synergically facilitate the Na + ion insertion and the electron transport.From the perspective of sustainability, cellulose as the most abundant renewable resource on earth has attracted much attentions in many fi elds including energy sources. [ 15 ] In our laboratory, the dissolution of cellulose and polyaniline (PANI) has been realized in a NaOH/urea aqueous solution with cooling via a physical process, and regenerated cellulose/PANI fi lms, fi bers and hydrogels have been successfully fabricated. [ 16 ] It has given us the motivation to develop cellulose/PANI microspheres, which not only can donate nitrogen, but also can prepare the hard carbon with a low-cost and large-scale strategy. Thus, a worthwhile endeavor would be to design and fabricate the carbon microspheres with nitrogen and sulfur dual-doping by pyrolyzing the cellulose/PANI microspheres containing dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) via a simply, "green" and low cost route to construct anode materials for SIBs. It is not hard to imagine that after carbonization, the doped nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms donated by PANI and DBSA can induce the defects and the expanded interlayer distance of the carbon microspheres, leading to the enhancement of the Na adsorption capability, mobility and electronic conductivity, resulting in a high-performance anode for SIBs.Here, for the fi rst time, N/S codoped carbon microspheres (NSC-SP) with expanded interlayer as a high-rate and longlife SIBs anode were facilely constructed by pyrolyzing the cellulose/PANI (9:1 by weight) microspheres containing DBSA dopant. First, the regenerated cellulose/PANI composite microspheres containing DBSA were prepared from the Rechargeable batteries are emerging energy storage techniques for the integration of renewable energy sources like solar energy and wind power. [ 1 ] Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) represent one of the most matu...

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