The influence of earthquake disasters on human social life is positively related to the magnitude and intensity of the earthquake, and effectively avoiding casualties and property losses can be attributed to the accurate prediction of earthquakes. In this study, an electromagnetic sensor is investigated to assess earthquakes in advance by collecting earthquake signals. At present, the mainstream earthquake magnitude prediction comprises two methods. On the one hand, most geophysicists or data analysis experts extract a series of basic features from earthquake precursor signals for seismic classification. On the other hand, the obtained data related to earth activities by seismograph or space satellite are directly used in classification networks. This article proposes a CNN and designs a 3D feature-map which can be used to solve the problem of earthquake magnitude classification by combining the advantages of shallow features and high-dimensional information. In addition, noise simulation technology and SMOTE oversampling technology are applied to overcome the problem of seismic data imbalance. The signals collected by electromagnetic sensors are used to evaluate the method proposed in this article. The results show that the method proposed in this paper can classify earthquake magnitudes well.

Acoustic and electromagnetics to artificial intelligence (AETA) is a system used to predict seismic events through monitoring of electromagnetic and geoacoustic signals. It is widely deployed in the Sichuan–Yunnan region (22° N–34° N, 98° E–107° E) of China. Generally, the electromagnetic signals of AETA stations near the epicenter have abnormal disturbances before an earthquake. When a significant decrease or increase in the signal is observed, it is difficult to quantify this change using only visual observation and confirm that it is related to an upcoming large earthquake. Considering that the AETA data comprise a typical time series, current work has analyzed the anomalism of AETA electromagnetic signals using the long short-term memory (LSTM) autoencoder method to prove that the electromagnetic anomaly of the AETA station can be regarded as an earthquake precursor. The results show that there are 2–4% anomalous points and some outliers exceeding 0.7 (after normalization) in the AETA stations within 200 km of the epicenter of the Jiuzaigou earthquake (M. 7.0) and the Yibin earthquake (M. 6.0) half a month before the earthquakes. Therefore, the AETA electromagnetic disturbance signal can be used as an earthquake precursor and for further earthquake prediction.

With the continuous development of human society, earthquakes are becoming more and more dangerous to the production and life of human society. Researchers continue to try to predict earthquakes, but the results are still not significant. With the development of data science, sensing and communication technologies, there are increasing efforts to use machine learning methods to predict earthquakes. Our work raises a method that applies big data analysis and machine learning algorithms to earthquakes prediction. All data are accumulated by the Acoustic and Electromagnetic Testing All in One System (AETA). We propose the multi-station Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm and extract features based on this method. At last, we propose a weekly-scale earthquake prediction model, which has a 60% accuracy using LightGBM (LGB).

Once a majority of earthquakes occur without prediction, it is very likely to have a huge impact on human society. To solve the worldwide challenging problem of earthquake prediction, our laboratory has developed a set of sensory systems to monitor the abnormal activity of geological signals before an earthquake happens in China. At present, more than 300 stations have been deployed, and the observation time has exceeded 4 years. Based on the various geological activities collected, a local correlation tracking method is used to capture signal anomalies before an earthquake, and then the ROC curve is used for the evaluation of the predictive accuracy. The method is applied in the Sichuan-Yunnan area weekly, verifying the forecast within a 91-week time frame and a 30-week time frame. The method proposed in this article has earthquake prediction ability with a rate of over 70%. It promotes and contributes to helping people avoid the fear of unpredictable earthquakes.

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