According to the traditional bridge cable measurement system, the accuracy of the bridge cable measurement is low, and the measurement time is long. Based on the automatic control technology of the climbing robot, a new bridge cable measurement system is designed. We design system hardware through CIS drive circuit, main controller, and communication module; design system software on the basis of hardware design; obtain the motion control equation of orthogonal joint cable climbing robot through DH transformation; and apply this equation to the bridge cable measurement system. The bridge cable measurement model is constructed, and the bridge cable measurement system design is completed through the system hardware design and software design. The simulation results show that the designed system has higher accuracy in measuring bridge cables and shorter measuring time.