In order to improve the damping characteristics of a photosensitive resin structure filled with viscous fluid, two improved structures with grooves and holes are investigated. Numerical simulation models of photosensitive resin damping structures are established using the finite element method. The force-displacement curves at low frequency are obtained by calculations. Then the structure with the best damping characteristics is chosen to be analyzed. The pressure and stress contours of the solid area and the fluid area are obtained. At the same time, the force-displacement curves of the improved structural part at different frequencies were obtained. It can be seen by calculation that the damping output was improved significantly. Then the influence of the structural parameters and the number and radius of the damping holes, on the damping output, was analyzed. The research has good reference values for the design and optimization of high stiffness and high damping elements and the application of fluid damping parts in reducing vibration and designing vibration isolation device.