Microsporidia comprise a phylum of single cell, intracellular parasites and represent the earliest diverging branch in the fungal kingdom. The microsporidian parasite Nosema ceranae primarily infects honey bee gut epithelial cells, leading to impaired memory, suppressed host immune responses and colony collapse under certain circumstances. As the genome of N. ceranae is challenging to assembly due to very high genetic diversity and repetitive region, the genome was re-sequenced using long reads. We present a robust 8.8 Mbp genome assembly of 2,280 protein coding genes, including a high number of genes involved in transporting nutrients and energy, as well as drug resistance when compared with sister species Nosema apis. We also describe the loss of the critical protein Dicer in approximately half of the microsporidian species, giving new insights into the availability of RNA interference pathway in this group. Our results provided new insights into the pathogenesis of N. ceranae and a blueprint for treatment strategies that target this parasite without harming honey bees. The unique infectious apparatus polar filament and transportation pathway members can help to identify treatments to control this parasite.

Two types of high temperature superconducting (HTS) linear synchronous generators (LSG) have been analyzed, which models developed have either an HTS bulk magnet array or an HTS tape coil as their secondary mover. The no-load induced voltage and output power characteristics versus the trapped flux density of the HTS bulk magnets, the HTS tape coils' excitation currents, the secondary mover speed and the air gap length have been obtained using the Finite-Element Analysis (FEA). The principal characteristics of the HTSLSG with the secondary made by the HTS materials have been identified. The HTSLSG model under sinusoidal driving mode has been simulated, and also the electromagnetic force on the HTS secondary. The characteristic analysis provides a base for practical development of an applicable HTSLSG.Index Terms-High temperature superconducting (HTS) bulks, HTS coils, HTS linear synchronous generator, sinusoidal driving mode, trapped flux.

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The normal function of the endothelium is impaired in HIV-1 infection. Disturbances of the local cytokines as well as the release of HIV-1 Tat by infected mononuclear cells play a role in endothelial dysfunction. We studied the effects of Tat on the human endothelial ECV cell line. In this system, Tat inhibited cell proliferation only in the presence of fibronectin as a culture substrate, whereas it did not modulate plasminogen activator activity, cell migration, or synthesis of fibronectin. Because amino acids 49-57 contains a nuclear translocation sequence, we also evaluated the potential intracellular role of Tat in tat-transfected ECV cells. tat transfectants showed inhibition of cell growth, unaffected cell migration and plasminogen activator activity, and a significant induction of the expression of fibronectin.