A novel, simple and efficient strategy for fabricating a magnetic metal-organic framework (MOF) as sorbent to remove organic compounds from simulated water samples is presented and tested for removal of methylene blue (MB) as an example. The novel adsorbents combine advantages of MOFs and magnetic nanoparticles and possess large capacity, low cost, rapid removal and easy separation of the solid phase, which makes it an excellent sorbent for treatment of wastewaters. The resulting magnetic MOFs composites (also known as MFCs) have large surface areas (79.52 m2 g−1), excellent magnetic response (14.89 emu g−1), and large mesopore volume (0.09 cm3 g−1), as well as good chemical inertness and mechanical stability. Adsorption was not drastically affected by pH, suggesting π–π stacking interaction and/or hydrophobic interactions between MB and MFCs. Kinetic parameters followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and adsorption was described by the Freundlich isotherm. Adsorption capacity was 84 mg MB g−1 at an initial MB concentration of 30 mg L−1, which increased to 245 mg g−1 when the initial MB concentration was 300 mg L−1. This capacity was much greater than most other adsorbents reported in the literature. In addition, MFC adsorbents possess excellent reusability, being effective after at least five consecutive cycles.

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Accurate determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface waters is necessary for protection of the environment from adverse effects that can occur at concentrations which require preconcentration to be detected. In this study, an effective solid phase extraction (SPE) method based on cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was developed for extraction of trace quantities of PAHs from natural waters. An enrichment factor of 800 was achieved within 5 min by use of 100 mg of Fe3O4 MNPs and 50 mg of CTAB. Compared with conventional liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), C18 SPE cartridge and some newly developed methods, the SPE to determine bioaccessible fraction was more convenient, efficient, time-saving, and cost-effective. To evaluate the performance of this novel sorbent, five natural samples including rainwater, river waters, wastewater, and tap water spiked with 15 PAHs were analyzed by use of ultraperformance, liquid chromatography (UPLC) with fluorescence detection (FLD). Limits of determination (LOD) of PAHs (log Kow ≥ 4.46) ranged from 0.4 to 10.3 ng/L, with mean recoveries of 87.95 ± 16.16, 85.92 ± 10.19, 82.89 ± 5.25, 78.90 ± 9.90, and 59.23 ± 3.10% for rainwater, upstream and downstream river water, wastewater, and tap water, respectively. However, the effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on recovery of PAHs varied among matrixes. Because of electrostatic adsorption and hydrophobicity, DOM promoted adsorption of Fe3O4 MNPs to PAHs from samples of water from the field. This result was different than the effect of DOM under laboratory conditions. Because of competitive adsorption with the site of action on the surface of Fe3O4 MNPs for CTAB, recoveries of PAHs were inversely proportional to concentrations of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+). This novel sorbent based on nanomaterials was effective at removing PAHs at environmentally relevant concentrations from waters containing relevant concentrations of both naturally occurring organic matter and hardness metals.