Taking into consideration the overlapped influences of multiple rail transit stations upon land use characteristics, this study newly develops a multi-objective land use allocation optimization model to decide the land use type and intensity of every undeveloped land block of an urban area. The new model is solved by successively utilizing the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm and the technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution to obtain the least biased Pareto-optimal land development scheme. The study area is an urban region around two metro stations in Beijing of China. The influencing scopes of these two stations are overlapped in part, and many of the land blocks in the study area are not yet developed. It is shown that the newly developed land use allocation optimization model is able to rationally achieve multi-objectives in coordination to the most extents for the sustainable urban development in view of the integrated effect of multiple rail transit stations.

This research examines the effects of urban rail transit (URT) on city growth measured by the increases in population, gross domestic product (GDP) and employment rate. Forty cities which have URT systems by the end of 2019 in China are taken as investigated samples. Research data related to URT extent, population, GDP, employment rate and five types of control variables which are individual, people's living, economic, science and education, and infrastructure are utilized and their applicability is verified. Panel data models are applied to analyze the effect of URT on city growth, and the robustness of the model estimation results is assessed. The study further analyzes the heterogeneity in the effects of URT systems on cities with different economic development levels. The estimated results indicate that the opening and expansion of URT have a positive effect on the population of the city. URT promotes the development of the urban economy and increases employment opportunities. Nevertheless, because of population migration, URT has little effect on the employment rate. In addition, the positive effect of URT on urban growth is most obvious for cities with a relatively high level of economic development.

Purpose This study aims to analyze passenger service quality in Beijing West Railway Station from the perspective of passengers, to better understand the current service quality and obtain the areas of weakness for improvement. Design/methodology/approach The research investigates the passenger experience of service in Beijing West Railway Station by using a questionnaire survey. The service quality (SERVQUAL) evaluation method is used to analyze the survey data, and it divides the passenger service into 5 attributes with 20 indicators. This research uses the Likert five-level scale method to process data and calculates the SERVQUAL value and weight difference of each attribute to evaluate the passenger service. Therefore, the deficiencies have been pointed out, so the station manager can improve the passenger service accordingly. Findings It is indicated that among the five studied attributes, Beijing West Railway Station has the smallest service quality value in terms of timeliness, which means this part needs the largest improvement. To the five attributes, each lacks in station security check, ticketing efficiency, station identification accuracy, emergency processing of train delays and the restroom environment, respectively. Originality/value The research can provide specific suggestions for the optimization of the passenger service of Beijing West Railway Station, and provide reference information for the formulation of policies.

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