Metal–insulator–metal (MIM) configurations based on Fabry–Pérot resonators have advanced the development of color filtering through interactions between light and matter. However, dynamic color changes without breaking the structure of the MIM resonator upon environmental stimuli are still challenging. Here, we report monolithic metal–organic framework (MOF)-based MIM resonators with tunable bandwidth that can boost both dynamic optical filtering and active chemical sensing by laser-processing microwell arrays on the top metal layer. Programmable tuning of the reflection color of the MOF-based MIM resonator is achieved by controlling the MOF layer thicknesses, which is demonstrated by simulation of light–matter interactions on subwavelength scales. Laser-processed microwell arrays are used to boost sensing performance by extending the pathway for diffusion of external chemicals into nanopores of the MOFs. Both experiments and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that tailoring the period and height of the microwell array on the MIM resonator can advance the high detection sensitivity of chemicals.

Superhydrophobic surfaces with outstanding liquid-repellent properties have potential applications in anti-icing, self-cleaning, and corrosion protection, which rely on a stable gas–liquid interface and low surface energy for passive protection. However, there are still challenges in overcoming physical damage of the superhydrophobic surface and integrating self-healing and active deicing properties to boost their practical application. Here, we report a photothermal MOF-based superhydrophobic coating with synergistic protective functions of passive liquid-repellent properties (for self-cleaning, anti-icing, and anticorrosion) and active photothermal responsiveness (for deicing and photothermal self-healing). The multifunctional coating was prepared by the spray-coating method, in which fluoridated photothermal ferrocene-MOF nanosheets and SiO2 nanoparticles were applied in epoxy resin to develop their versatility. Passive liquid-repellent properties of the superhydrophobic surface caused high-efficiency removal of solid and liquid contaminants, freezing delay of droplets, and corrosion resistance. Moreover, rapid active deicing performance was achieved without damaging the textural structure of the coating. Importantly, the superhydrophobicity of the surface was maintained after mechanical abrasion. Also, the liquid-repellent properties of the plasma-etched coating recovered rapidly with light illumination due to the photothermal-induced migration of fluorosilane chains. Therefore, the synergy of passive liquid-repellent properties and active photothermal responsiveness provides a strategy for the design of multifunctional coating.