OBJECTIVETo examine the change in fasting blood glucose (FBG) during repeated assessments over time and its potential impact on the risk of developing myocardial infarction (MI).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThis prospective cohort study included 68,297 participants without diabetes (mean age 49 years) who were free of MI, stroke, and cancer prior to or in 2010 (baseline of the current analysis). FBG concentrations were measured in 2006, 2008, and 2010. The FBG trajectories during 2006–2010, the primary exposure of the current study, were identified by latent mixture modeling. Incident MI cases were confirmed via review of medical records by cardiologists.RESULTSWe identified five discrete FBG trajectories according to FBG range and changing pattern over time: elevated-stable (n = 3,877), elevated-decreasing (n = 7,060), moderate-increasing (n = 10,298), moderate-stable (n = 40,352), and low-stable (n = 6,710). During 4 years of follow-up, we documented 283 incident MI cases. Relative to the moderate-stable pattern (FBG ranged from 4.9 to 5.1 mmol/L), adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.53 (95% CI 1.04, 2.26) for the elevated-stable pattern (FBG ranged from 6.1 to 6.3 mmol/L) and HR 0.61 (95% CI 0.38, 0.98) for the elevated-decreasing pattern (FBG decreased from 6.0 to 5.4 mmol/L), after adjustment for potential confounders such as age, sex, lifestyle factors, obesity, medical history, blood pressure, blood lipids, and C-reactive protein. Consistently, cumulative average and increasing rate of FBG during 2006–2010, but not a single baseline FBG, predicted future risk of MI.CONCLUSIONSWe found that discrete FBG trajectories were significantly associated with subsequent risk of MI in individuals without diabetes. These observations suggest that long-term trajectories of FBG may be important for risk prediction of MI and possibly other macrovascular diseases.

Abstract:The chiral bimetallic oxovanadium complexes have been designed for the enantioselective oxidative coupling of 2-naphthols bearing various substituents at C6 and/or C7. The chirality transferring from the amino acid to the axis of the biphenyl in oxovanadium complexes 2 was found to occur with the use of UV and CD spectra and DFT calculation. The homo-coupling reaction with oxygen as the oxidant was promoted by 5 mol % of an oxovanadium complex derived from L-isoleucine and achiral biphenol to afford binaphthols in nearly quantitative yields with high enantioselectivities of up to 98% ee. An oxovanadium complex derived from L-isoleucine and H8-binaphthol is highly efficient at catalyzing the air-oxidized coupling of 2-naphthols with excellent enantioselectivities of up to 97% ee. 51 V NMR study shows that the oxovanadium complexes have two vanadium(V) species. Kinetic studies, the cross-coupling reaction, and HRMS spectral studies on the reaction have been carried out and illustrate that two vanadium(V) species are both involved in catalysis and that the coupling reaction undergoes a radical-radical mechanism in an intramolecular manner. Quantum mechanical calculations rationalize the importance of the cooperative effects of the axial chirality matching S-amino acids on the stereocontrol of the oxidative coupling reaction. The application of the transformation in the preparation of chiral ligands and conjugated polymers confirms the importance of the current process in organic synthesis.