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A theoretical physical model of gas-solid two-phase flow mixed dielectric discharge in a uniform field based on Townsend's discharge theory is presented. This model extends the classical Townsend's theory to be applicable to the quantitative analysis of dielectric discharge questions related to gas-solid two-phase flow environment, reveals the influence mechanism of flowing gases and solid-phase particles on discharge, and provides a theoretical basis for expanding the application of discharge plasma technology in various fields. In the model, based on the basic physical process of gas discharge and our previous articles, the effects of the attraction and obstructive factors of solid-phase particles on the number density of electrons or ions and the local space electric field in the inception and development of gas discharge were taken into account. On this basis, the analytical expression of breakdown voltage in gas-solid two-phase flow mixed dielectric is obtained, the Paschen's law of gas breakdown is modified, and the Townsend's breakdown criterion of gas-solid two-phase flow environment is proposed. It is shown that the breakdown voltage of gas-solid two-phase flow mixed dielectric decreases with increasing gas flow velocity. The gas flow velocity is the main factor affecting the variation trend of the breakdown voltage. The concentration and size of solid-phase particles determine the values of breakdown voltage. The breakdown voltage of smaller size and higher concentration of solid-phase particles is greater, which has a stronger suppression effect on the discharge.

The mode of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and the flow of recirculated exhaust greatly impact the exhaust heat recovery of the mechanical turbo-compound. A matching mechanical turbo-compound of the diesel engine is established with GT-power software to study the effect of EGR mode and EGR rate on it, and the effect of EGR rate on the working performance of diesel engine and the mechanical turbo-compound under high-pressure EGR mode and low-pressure EGR mode is also studied. The results show that compared with the original engine, the effective thermal efficiency of the diesel engine matched with mechanical turbo-compound has been improved. Under the two EGR modes, as the EGR rate increase, the effective thermal efficiencies of diesel engine matched with mechanical turbo-compound and the original engine are decreasing. Under the maximum torque condition, the fuel economy of mechanical compound turbine diesel engine matched with low-pressure EGR system is better than with high-pressure EGR system; while underrated power condition, the fuel economy difference of mechanical compound turbine diesel engine matched with high-pressure EGR system and low-pressure EGR system is small.

This study focuses on a small agricultural diesel engine fueled with B20 (20% biodiesel and 80% diesel by volume) blend fuel in a plateau area. The combustion chamber’s structural parameters and fuel injection angle were taken as variables at peak torque conditions. First, a full factorial design was used for experimental design. Second, the back-propagation (BP) neural network was employed to predict the indicated thermal efficiency and the indicated specific NOx emission. Third, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) was utilized to optimize the indicated thermal efficiency and the indicated specific NOx emission. Finally, the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method was applied to obtain optimal solutions, and a three-dimensional numerical simulation was conducted to verify the optimization results. The optimization results indicate that the shape characteristics of the combustion chamber have a certain influence on the engine’s performance. The optimized design significantly reduces NOx emissions, by 22.83%, compared to the original engine, whilst maintaining the engine’s performance.