Metallic lithium (Li) has been considered as an attractive anode material for next-generation rechargeable batteries, owing to its high theoretical capacity (3860 mAh g -1 ), low redox potential (−3.040 V vs standard hydrogen electrode), and low density (0.59 g cm -3 ). [4][5] Nevertheless, the high activity of Li metal, nonuniform Li plating, large volume change, and the formation of fragile solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer in lithium metal batteries (LMBs) inevitably lead to negative effects of the low Coulombic efficiency (CE), the uncontrollable growth of Li dendrite, the formation of "dead" Li, etc. [6][7][8][9] These intractable problems can cause irreversible loss of Li metal and electrolyte, resulting in a sustaining capacity attenuation or even triggering thermal runaway and explosion of the battery. Thermal runaway-induced accidents should be a wakeup call that people need to focus more attention on the battery safety and avoid undesirable energy release during battery cycling, since the batteries with higher energy density always endure lower thermal stability during operation. [10][11][12] Consequently, it is of vital importance to achieve robust LMBs security in the progress of developing Li metal anode and constantly breaking the bottleneck of energy density.As a critical component in batteries, separator not only provides paths for Li ion transfer, but also prevents accidental contact of anode and cathode. [13] According to statistics, at least 90% of various battery abuses (e.g., mechanical-abuse, electrical-abuse, thermal-abuse, and electrochemical-abuse) are related to internal short circuits caused by the failure of separator. [14] The prominent weak point of conventional polyolefin separators is their low melting point (135 °C for polyethylene (PE) separator and 165 °C for polypropylene (PP) separator), [15] which means they can easily shrink and collapse upon thermalabuse. To address this issue, tremendous efforts have been devoted to designing thermal-safety separators. [16] Metal oxides with polar surfaces (e.g., SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 ) have been commonly reported as protective layers to enhance the thermal resistance of polyolefin separator. [17] Some inorganic materials with high Li-ion, thermal conductivity or flame retardance (e.g.,

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One-way quantum computing is a promising candidate for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Here, we propose protocols to realize a deterministic one-way controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate and one-way X rotations on current quantum-computing platforms. By applying a delayed-choice scheme, we overcome a limit of most currently available quantum computers, which are unable to implement further operations on measured qubits or operations conditioned on measurement results from other qubits. Moreover, we decrease the error rate of the one-way logic gates, compared to the original protocol using local operations and classical communication. In addition, we apply our deterministic one-way CNOT gate in the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm to show the feasibility of our proposal. We demonstrate all these one-way gates and algorithms by running experiments on the cloud quantum-computing platform IBM Quantum Experience.