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This paper presents an in-depth study and analysis of improving the performance of doubly fed wind power systems using adaptive sensing control technology. The maximum wind energy tracking principle is analyzed in this paper with the wind turbine operation characteristics. Considering that the operation state and control strategy of a doubly fed wind power generation system is different before and after grid connection, the no-load simulation model and power generation simulation model are established based on the idea of separate modeling and time-sharing work. Combined with the respective control strategies and enabling modules, the overall simulation system is constituted for the continuous process from no-load operation to power generation operation. To analyze the chaotic mechanism of ferromagnetic resonance of wind farm power system and suppress the problem, based on the ferromagnetic resonance model of wind farm power system, analyze the basic conditions of the system into the chaotic state, consider the resonance phenomenon when external excitation acts, adopt the multiscale method to calculate the approximate solution at the resonance of main parameters and determine the steady-state solution and stability conditions, and explore the influence of external excitation on the dynamic characteristics of ferromagnetic resonance. In this paper, the inverse system approach, applied to the linearized decoupling of doubly fed wind power, a nonlinear, strongly coupled multivariable system, is derived for the no-load inverse system model and the inverse system model for the power control scheme and the speed control scheme to achieve maximum wind energy tracking for grid-connected power generation, respectively. The model further extended to fractional order to study the complex dynamical behavior of the system of different orders and flux chain subsquares. To suppress the system chaotic oscillation phenomenon, a fractional-order finite-time terminal sliding mode controller is proposed based on the frequency distribution model with time-frequency domain conversion, which achieves the suppression of chaotic phenomena in resonant overvoltage infinite time and is compared with the conventional sliding mode to confirm the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed controller. This paper explores and discusses the impact of adaptive sensing control technology on the practice of doubly fed wind power systems, to provide theoretical possibilities for the adaptive sensing control technology to be more effective for the practice of doubly fed wind power systems.