Human glioma is the most common malignant and fatal primary tumor in the central nervous system. Currently, the high incidence and low cure rate of glioma make it a considerable threat to human health. Thus, elucidating the molecular mechanisms of glioma development and progression has become a major focus to identify new and effective biomarkers and improve the comprehensive neurosurgical treatment of glioma from the basic research and clinical perspectives. In our present study, we aimed to investigate the expression pattern and biological function of Metastasis suppressor protein 1(MTSS1) in glioma and to further explore whether miRNAs were involved in the deregulation of MTSS1. By overexpressing MTSS1 in highly malignant human glioma cells, we discovered a role for MTSS1 in suppressing the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells, and we showed that MTSS1 participated in transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in glioma cells. Biochemical analyses suggested that miR-182 may target MTSS1 and that miR-182 expression is negatively correlated with MTSS1 expression in glioma tissues. This finding was further confirmed by luciferase reporter experiments. Furthermore, a miR-182 inhibitor induced glioma cell proliferation and invasion by increasing MTSS1 expression. In conclusion, we believed that miR-182 modulates glioma cell migration and invasion by targeting the MTSS1 and suggested that miR-182 was a potential therapeutic target for gliomas.