Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) field enhancement effects of noble metallic nanoparticles can be exploited to enhance the performance of diverse luminescent materials and devices, in which the spectral proximity plays an important role in increasing near-field enhancement-induced excitation (NFEE) and surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE) efficiencies. In this work, we propose a scheme simultaneously utilizing the transversal and longitudinal SPR bands of elongated gold nanocrystals to match with the excitation and emission wavelengths of emitters, respectively, to achieve the most efficient enhancement. To demonstrate the idea, four types of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, diameter = 20 nm), gold nanorods (AuNRs, length/width = 80/40 nm; 90/30 nm), and gold nano-bipyramids (AuNBPs, length/width = 80/40 nm) were employed as the plasmonic nanoantennas, according to spectral characteristics of the classic poly­(2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexoxy)-1,4-phenylene-vinylene) (MEH-PPV) chosen as the emitter. Due to the double SPR bands of both AuNBPs (80/40 nm) and AuNRs (80/40 nm) overlapping well with the excitation and emission wavelengths of MEH-PPV, a maximum 2.2 and 2.1 times enhancement in photoluminescence intensity was observed, respectively. This is attributed to the integrated effects of NFEE and SPCE that synchronously accelerate the excitation and radiation rate as made evident by steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements. Further, the above plasmonic nanoantennas were incorporated into the polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs), in which AuNBPs (80/40 nm)- and AuNRs (80/40 nm)-mediated devices exhibited approximately a 2.3 and 2.1 times enhancement in luminance, and 2.0 and 1.9 times enhancement in luminous efficiency compared with the pristine one, respectively. More notably, it is first demonstrated that the sharp-tip AuNBPs generating a stronger local electric field compared to AuNRs can efficiently enhance PLEDs’ performance, showing a promising prospect for the development of high-performance red and near-infrared electroluminescence devices.

Deep generative models have gained much attention given their ability to generate data for applications as varied as healthcare to financial technology to surveillance, and many more -the most popular models being generative adversarial networks (GANs) and variational auto-encoders (VAEs). Yet, as with all machine learning models, ever is the concern over security breaches and privacy leaks and deep generative models are no exception. In fact, these models have advanced so rapidly in recent years that work on their security is still in its infancy. In an attempt to audit the current and future threats against these models, and to provide a roadmap for defense preparations in the short term, we prepared this comprehensive and specialized survey on the security and privacy preservation of GANs and VAEs. Our focus is on the inner connection between attacks and model architectures and, more specifically, on five components of deep generative models: the training data, the latent code, the generators/decoders of GANs/VAEs, the discriminators/encoders of GANs/VAEs, and the generated data. For each model, component and attack, we review the current research progress and identify the key challenges. The paper concludes with a discussion of possible future attacks and research directions in the field.

A novel cardanol sulfonate Gemini surfactant with high surface properties was synthesized by cashew phenol, 1,3-dibromopropane and chlorosulfonic acid through three steps procedure of etherification, sulfonation and neutralization. A surface tension method was employed to investigate the thermo-dynamic properties of micellization in aqueous solution for cardanol sulfonate Gemini surfactant synthesized in laboratory. As a result, the micellization of cardanol sulfonate Gemini surfactant in aqueous solutions is spontaneous and entropy-driven. The micellization process is enthalpy-entropy compensated with the compensation temperature (Tc) of 308 ± 1 K.

Four aliphatic diamine bridged hindered phenols were successfully synthesized with aliphatic diamine as the bridged group and 3‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxy‐phenyl)‐propionyl chloride as the material, and their structures were clarified by NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Their performance as antioxidant for polypropylene (PP) and linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) were investigated through the melt flow rate and the oxidation induction time. The thermooxidative stabilities of PP and LLDPE with different aliphatic diamine bridged hindered phenols were assessed by the measurement of the oxidation induction temperature and with long‐term aging testing. The results showed that aliphatic diamine bridged hindered phenols could protect two kinds of polyolefins from thermal oxidative degradation, and the mechanical properties and antioxidant activities of polyolefins stabilized with aliphatic diamine bridged hindered phenols were increased with increasing length of the bridged group for aliphatic diamine bridged hindered phenols at the same concentration of phenolic hydroxyl group. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45095.

The failure of thickeners at high temperature results in gelled acid acidification fracturing. To solve the problem, 8 kinds of polymers were synthesized by free radical polymerization of aqueous solution using AM, AMPS, NaAMPS, MAPTAC, DTAB and NVP as raw materials. The polymer was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and viscosity-average molecular weight, and the temperature resistance, rheology, salt resistance and shear resistance of the polymer solution were compared, and the mechanism was analyzed. The results show that the viscosity of GTY−2 is 181.52 mPa·s, and the viscosity loss rate is 56.89% at 180 °C and 100 s−1, and its temperature resistance is the best. Meanwhile, the viscosity retention rate of GTY−2 is 84.58% after 160 min shear, showing the strongest shear resistance. The viscosity loss rate of GTY−1 in 20% hydrochloric acid solution is 80.88%, and its acid resistance is stronger than that of GTY−2. Moreover, due to the amphiphilicity of DTAB, the molecular hydration film becomes thicker, and the salt resistance of GTY−2 is lower than that of GTY−1. The experimental results show that GTY−1 and GTY−2 have good temperature resistance, salt resistance, acid resistance and shear resistance, and can be used as thickeners for acid fracturing with thickened acid to improve the effect of acid fracturing under high temperature conditions.