Protein serine/threonine phosphatases (PSPs), found in various plants and protozoa, are involved in the regulation of various biological processes. However, very little is known about the role of PSPs in the pathogenicity of the apicomplexan protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Herein, the subcellular localization of 17 PSPs (PP5, PP7, EFPP, SLP, PPM3F, PPM4, PPM5A, PPM5B, PPM6, PPM8, PPM9, PPM12, PPM14, PPM18, CTD1, CTD2, and CTD3) was examined by 6× HA tagging of endogenous genes in C-terminal. The PSPs were detected in the cytoplasm (PP5, EFPP, PPM8, and CTD2), dense granules (SLP), nucleus (PPM4 and PPM9), inner membrane complex (PPM12), basal complex (CTD3), and apical pole (PP7). The remaining PSPs exhibited low or undetectable level of expression. To characterize the contribution of these genes to the infectivity of T. gondii, knock-out (KO) strains of type I RH strain deficient in the 17 psp genes and KO type II Pru strain deficient in pp7 and slp genes were constructed. The pathogenicity of individual RHΔpsp mutants was characterized in vitro using plaque, egress, and intracellular replication assays, and mouse infection, while pathogenicity of PruΔpp7 and PruΔslp mutant strains was evaluated by examining the parasite lytic cycle in vitro and assessment of brain cyst burden in mice. No significant differences were observed between 16 RHΔpsp strains and wild-type (WT) RH strain. However, RHΔpp7 exhibited significantly lower invasion efficiency and parasitophorous vacuole formation in vitro, and less virulence in mice compared with other RHΔpsp and WT strains. In addition, PruΔpp7 exhibited marked attenuation of virulence and significant reduction in the brain cyst burden in mice compared with PruΔslp and WT strains, suggesting the key role of PP7 in the virulence of T. gondii. Comparative transcriptomic profiling of the 17 psp genes showed that they may play different roles in the pathogenesis of different genotypes or life cycle stages of T. gondii. These findings provide new insight into the role of PSPs in the pathogenesis of T. gondii.

This paper focus on the problem of guaranteed cost control for a class of genetic regulatory networks with multiple time-varying discrete delays and multiple constant distributed delays. Firstly, a novel method is proposed to establish a sufficient condition for the existence of guaranteed cost controller. The sufficient condition includes only several simple inequalities, which can easily solved by standard tool softwares, such as MATLAB. Secondly, the desired guaranteed cost controller is designed based on the solution of these inequalities. Thirdly, the proposed method is also available to the stabilization problem of genetic regulatory networks under consideration. Finally, the results of two numerical examples demonstrate the applicability of theoretical results. Compared with the existing results, this present paper has three merits: (i) Do not require to construct any Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional; (ii) the class of genetic regulatory networks under consideration is more general; (iii) the designed controller can be easily realized.INDEX TERMS Genetic regulatory networks, guaranteed cost control, multiple discrete delays, multiple distributed delays.

Abstract:Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to build enterprise project culture evaluation model and search for the best evaluation method for Chinese enterprise project culture on the basis of studying and drawing lessons from enterprise culture evaluation theory and method at home and abroad. evaluation model and scale structure also need to be improved, but the thinking of this paper in this field provides a valuable reference for future research.Practical Implications: This paper provides the support of theory and practice for evaluating the present situation of enterprise project culture construction and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of project culture, which contributes to the "dialectical therapy" of enterprise project management, enterprise management and enterprise project culture construction. Originality/value:The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of Denison enterprise culture model. Combining with the actual situation of enterprises, this paper also builds the evaluation model for enterprise project culture, which is helpful to promote the construction and development of Chinese enterprise project culture.

Mountainous peatlands are one of the most important terrestrial ecosystems for carbon storage and play an important role in the global carbon cycle. An insight into the carbon cycle of peat swamps located in mountainous regions can be obtained by studying the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its relationships with environmental factors. This study focused on the development conditions of peat swamps in the Gahai wetlands, located on the Zoigê Plateau, China, with four different altitudinal gradients as experimental sample sites. The distribution of SOC and its relationship with environmental factors were analysed through vegetation surveys and a generalized additive model (GAM). The results show that with increasing altitude, soil temperature decreased while the soil pH and bulk density initially decreased then increased. On the contrary, the topographic wetness index (TWI), SOC content, above-ground biomass and litter count initially increased then decreased. The SOC content of the 0-30 cm soil layer was in the range 226-330 g•kg −1 (coefficient of variation (CV) = 21.4%), and the 30-60 cm layer was 178-257 g•kg −1 (CV = 17.5%) and was significantly correlated (p < .05) with above-ground biomass and litter count. Meanwhile, the SOC content in the 60-90 cm soil layer was in the range 132-167 g•kg −1 (CV = 9.2%) with a significant correlation (p < .05) with soil temperature, pH, bulk density and topographic moisture index. The study showed that the SOC content exhibited more pronounced spatial patterns with increasing altitude, with the peak value in the shallow soil layer appearing in lower elevation areas compared with the deep soil layer. The level of variation changed from medium to low, reflecting the stable mechanism for maintaining SOC within the heterogeneous peat swamp environment.