Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle core biopsy (EUS-FNB) has been used as an effective methodThe area under the sROC curve was 0.96. Subgroup analysis did not identify other factors that could substantially affect the diagnostic accuracy, such as the study design, location of study, number of centers, location of lesion, whether or not a cytopathologist was present, and so on. EUS-FNB is a reliable diagnostic tool for solid pancreatic masses and should be especially considered for pathology where histologic morphology is preferred for diagnosis.Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with a poor prognosis, which is partially due to delayed diagnosis because of the late onset of symptoms 1 . Despite the many advancements that have been made in medical therapy in the past decade, there are still limited treatment modalities for advanced disease. Many epidemiologic surveys have shown that the 5-year survival rate is below 5% 2,3 . A significant proportion of patients could extend their survival time by surgery if their tumors were diagnosed at an early stage 4 . So early detection and accurate staging are crucial for the right treatment choice.Tissue acquisition is of great importance to confirm diagnosis and guide treatment in pancreatic solid mass. The endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided minimally invasive tissue acquisition techniques have become the standard of choice to sample pancreatic tissue that could only be biopsied through open techniques in the past 5 . The EUS method can detect lesions that are not seen by other imaging modalities and fine needle aspiration (FNA) is reported to be able to give a definitive cytological diagnosis 4 . A recent meta-analysis reported that the sensitivity and specificity of EUS-guided FNA (EUS-FNA) for pancreatic neoplasms were 85% and 98%, respectively 6 . The complication rate of EUS-FNA is approximately 1%-2% 7 . Having become widely accepted as safe and effective, EUS-FNA is considered a minimally invasive method of diagnosing pancreatic cancer 8 . Despite the widespread usage of EUS-FNA, one limitation related to this technique is that it often only provides a cytologic specimen with scant cellularity and lack of histologic architecture, which restrains us from making a complete tissue analysis for diagnosis and grade differentiation, especially for sarcomas or lymphomas 9 . As we know, in the era of molecular profiling and personalized oncologic therapies, a complete histologic sample for evaluation

It is currently believed that aging is closely linked with mitochondrial dysfunction, and that resveratrol exhibits anti-aging and neuroprotective effects by improving mitochondrial function, even though the mechanisms are not well defined. This study explored mitochondrial quality (mitochondrial DNA integrity and copy number), mitochondrial function (fusion/fission, mitophagy/autophagy), antioxidant system and activity of the Akt/mTOR and Ampk/Sirt1/Pgc1α pathways, and inflammation in aging zebrafish retinas to identify the probable mechanisms of resveratrol’s anti-aging and neuroprotective effects. mtDNA integrity, mtDNA copy number, mitochondrial fusion regulators, mitophagy, and antioxidant-related genes were all decreased whereas Akt/mTOR activity and inflammation was increased upon aging in zebrafish retinas. Resveratrol was shown to not only increase mitochondrial quality and function, but also to suppress Akt/mTOR activity in zebrafish retinas. These results support the notion that mitochondrial dysfunction and increased Akt/mTOR activity are major players in age-related retinal neuropathy in zebrafish, and demonstrate a trend towards mitochondrial fragmentation in the aging retina. Importantly, resveratrol promoted mitochondrial function, up-regulating Ampk/Sirt1/Pgc1α, and down-regulated Akt/mTOR pathway activity in zebrafish retinas, suggesting that it may be able to prevent age-related oculopathy.

This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma (GB-NEC). Patients and Methods: Fifteen patients with GB-NEC and 171 patients with gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GB-ADC) treated in two tertiary medical centers between 2009 and 2015 were included. The clinicopathological features and prognostic risk factors of GB-NEC were analyzed retrospectively. A propensity score matching in a 1:2 ratio was used to compare the prognosis of GB-NEC and GB-ADC. Results: For patients with GB-NEC, the median age of patients was 58.4 years (range 26-75), with a M:F ratio of 7:8. Based on 2010 WHO classification, ten cases were pathologically confirmed as NECs and five cases as MANECs. For TNM staging, eleven patients were stage III or above; while for Nevin staging, seven patients were stage IVor above. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival (OS) of GB-NEC were 60.0%, 38.8% and 31.1%, respectively, and the median survival time was 20.4 months. Patients with lymph node metastasis had significantly shorter survival than those without (OS: 10.4 vs 26.0 months, p<0.05). Accordingly, patients of Nevin stage III had better OS than those of Nevin stage IV (p<0.05), but other potential risk factors including gender, age, clinical symptoms, TNM stage, histopathologic subtype and treatment showed no significance. After the propensity score matching, the baseline variables had no significant difference between 15 patients with GB-NEC and 30 patients with GB-ADC, survival analysis showed GB-NEC had worse prognosis (3-year overall survival rate: 31.1% vs 63.8%, p<0.01). Conclusion: Nevin staging helps classify patients of GB-NEC with different prognosis and the lymph node metastasis is a strong negative prognostic factor for OS. The propensity score analysis revealed even with the similar stage and treatment, GB-NEC still had worse OS than GB-ADC.

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