Recent advances in material innovation and structural design provide routes to flexible hybrid electronics that can combine the high‐performance electrical properties of conventional wafer‐based electronics with the ability to be stretched, bent, and twisted to arbitrary shapes, revolutionizing the transformation of traditional healthcare to digital healthcare. Here, material innovation and structural design for the preparation of flexible hybrid electronics are reviewed, a brief chronology of these advances is given, and biomedical applications in bioelectrical monitoring and stimulation, optical monitoring and treatment, acoustic imitation and monitoring, bionic touch, and body‐fluid testing are described. In conclusion, some remarks on the challenges for future research of flexible hybrid electronics are presented.

Synthetic polypeptides from the ring-opening polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) are one of the most important biomaterials. The unique features of these synthetic polypeptides, including their chemical diversity of side chains and their ability to form secondary structures, enable their broad applications in the field of gene delivery, drug delivery, bio-imaging, tissue engineering, and antimicrobials. In this review article, we summarize the recent advances in the design of polypeptide-based supramolecular structures, including complexes with nucleic acids, micelles, vesicles, hybrid nanoparticles, and hydrogels. We also highlight the progress in the chemical design of functional polypeptides, which plays a crucial role to manipulate their assembly behaviours and optimize their biomedical performances. Finally, we conclude the review by discussing the future opportunities in this field, including further studies on the secondary structures and cost-effective synthesis of polypeptide materials.

Li-S) batteries is seriously restricted by their low sulfur loading and utilization, sluggish reaction kinetics, and poor cycling stability. [4,5] So far, appropriate active adsorption [6,7] and catalytic centers, such as metal sulfides, [8][9][10] oxides, [11][12][13] nitrides, [14] and vanadium compounds, [15] have been introduced to enhance the sulfur utilization and accelerate the reversible conversion between lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and Li 2 S. [16,17] However, high weight percentages of these additives sacrifice the overall energy density of Li-S batteries. Single-atom metal catalysts (SACs) comprising monodispersed metal atoms on appropriate substrates have a theoretical 100% atom utilization efficiency, and therefore have a much higher activity than conventional bulk metal and nanoparticle catalysts. [18,19] Various SACs have been introduced into Li-S batteries to improve their electrochemical performance. [20][21][22] Generally, the effects of SACs have been attributed to their good adsorption ability to LiPSs and their high catalytic activity. However, the lack of a fundamental understanding of the catalysis mechanism and the material properties that govern catalytic activity have hindered the selection and rational design of SACs for Li-S batteries. In previous studies, the SACs were usually Single-atom metal catalysts (SACs) are used as sulfur cathode additives to promote battery performance, although the material selection and mechanism that govern the catalytic activity remain unclear. It is shown that d-p orbital hybridization between the single-atom metal and the sulfur species can be used as a descriptor for understanding the catalytic activity of SACs in Li-S batteries. Transition metals with a lower atomic number are found, like Ti, to have fewer filled anti-bonding states, which effectively bind lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and catalyze their electrochemical reaction. A series of single-atom metal catalysts (Me = Mn, Cu, Cr, Ti) embedded in threedimensional (3D) electrodes are prepared by a controllable nitrogen coordination approach. Among them, the single-atom Ti-embedded electrode has the lowest electrochemical barrier to LiPSs reduction/Li 2 S oxidation and the highest catalytic activity, matching well with the theoretical calculations. By virtue of the highly active catalytic center of single-atom Ti on the conductive transport network, high sulfur utilization is achieved with a low catalyst loading (1 wt.%) and a high area-sulfur loading (8 mg cm −2 ). With good mechanical stability for bending, these 3D electrodes are suitable for fabricating bendable/foldable Li-S batteries for wearable electronics.

Flexible inorganic bioelectronics represent a newly emerging and rapid developing research area. With its great power in enhancing the acquisition, management and utilization of health information, it is expected that these flexible and stretchable devices could underlie the new solutions to human health problems. Recent advances in this area including materials, devices, integrated systems and their biomedical applications indicate that through conformal and seamless contact with human body, the measurement becomes continuous and convenient with yields of higher quality data. This review covers recent progresses in flexible inorganic bio-electronics for human physiological parameters' monitoring in a wearable and continuous way. Strategies including materials, structures and device design are introduced with highlights toward the ability to solve remaining challenges in the measurement process. Advances in measuring bioelectrical signals, i.e., the electrophysiological signals (including EEG, ECoG, ECG, and EMG), biophysical signals (including body temperature, strain, pressure, and acoustic signals) and biochemical signals (including sweat, glucose, and interstitial fluid) have been summarized. In the end, given the application property of this topic, the future research directions are outlooked.