No abstract

Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) has a unique tendency for perineural invasion (PNI), which results in tumor recurrence and poor prognosis. Recent studies have shown that the chemokine CCL5 and its receptor CCR5 play important roles in tumor invasion and metastasis. However, the role of the CCL5/CCR5 axis in the PNI of SACC has not been studied to date. In the present study, we evaluated the expression of CCL5 and CCR5 in SACC cases and nerve tissues, and performed a series of in vitro assays with the SACC cell line, SACC-83, to indicate the role of the CCL5/CCR5 axis in the PNI of SACC. We found that CCL5 (35.9%; 23/64) and CCR5 (70.3%; 45/64) were positively expressed in SACC cases, and the expression of CCR5 was significantly associated with the PNI of SACC (P<0.05). We also found that SACC-83 cells expressed the functional receptor, CCR5, for the chemokine CCL5, as demonstrated by calcium mobilization and actin polymerization assays. Furthermore, we found that exogenous CCL5 significantly facilitated the migration, invasion and PNI activity of SACC-83 cells in vitro (P<0.05). Further study showed that the CCR5 inhibitor (maraviroc) effectively blocked the migration, invasion and PNI activity of SACC-83 cells with or without CCL5 stimulation (P<0.05). These results indicate that the CCL5/CCR5 axis plays a critical role in the PNI of SACC, and that antagonists against CCR5 may be an effective anti-PNI agent for SACC therapy.

TRP-1 plays an important role in the proliferation, morphology and tyrosinase activity of melanocytes and melanoma cells.

BackgroundWith the introduction of robotic surgery, whether the robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) could reduce the perioperative morbidity compared with Open radical cystectomy (ORC) was unknown.MethodsStudies reported RARC were reviewed based on all randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which focused on the efficacy of RARC versus ORC.ResultsOf the 201 studies from preliminary screening, four RCTs were included. By pooling these studies, there were significant differences in comparison of operative time (p = 0.007), estimated blood loss (EBL) (p < 0.001) and time to diet (p < 0.001) between the RARC group and ORC groups. There was no significant difference regarding perioperative complications (Clavien 2–5, Clavien 3–5), length of stay (LOS), positive surgical margins (PSM) and lymph node positive.ConclusionThis meta-analysis presented evidence for a benefit of EBL, time to diet, similar perioperative complications and oncological outcomes, but a longer operative time in RARC. It is noted that RARC was considered as a comparable surgical procedure to ORC.