Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management is a worldwide problem growing with the increase of global human population. The practice of incinerating garbage has ceased in some parts of the world because of air contamination and other public health issues. Environmental impact of landfilling is ever increasing. There is clearly a need to adopt cost-effective alternatives to treat MSW. This paper is a part of a major work that considers MSW based biomass as a partial replacement of sand in concrete. The product of the global work is an exciting and eco-friendly alternative for the building industry, especially concrete intended for certain types of applications in the construction industry such as temporary works. Here, in this paper, an overview of the state of the art on the topic is presented.
Replacement of Portland cement (PC) by fly ash (FA) is currently limited to 15–30% by mass, mainly due to low early age strength development of concrete. This research uses calcium formate (Ca(HCO2)2; CF) as an admixture to high-volume FA (HVFA) composites to improve its strength properties. HVFA represents 60–70% of cement replaced by FA and dosage of CF varies from 0.5% up to high dosage of 9% of cement content. Compressive strength, isothermal calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were conducted to investigate the effects of CF on hydration and microstructural aspects. The results show that both HVFA pastes with 60% and 70% FA achieved the highest strength at the CF dosage of 3%. At the age of 28 days, adding 3% CF to HVFA mixes led to higher consumption of FA as well as higher formation of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), calcium silicate hydrates, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and ettringite, which contribute to the increase of strength. The addition of very high dosages of CF at 9% increased the hydration of tricalcium aluminate but could hinder the hydration of tricalcium silicate in both PC and HVFA pastes with 60% and 70% FA.
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management is a worldwide problem growing proportionally the earth human population. The practice of incinerating garbage has ceased in some parts of the world because of air contamination and other public health issues. Environmental impact of landfilling is ever increasing. There is clearly a need to adopt cost-effective alternatives to treat MSW. This paper is a part of a major work that considers MSW based biomass as a partial replacement of sand in concrete. The product is an exciting and ecofriendly alternative for the building industry. Here, in this paper, compressive and flexural tests are conducted on samples containing 5%, 10% and 15% replacement of sand by biomass. Results are presented and discussed in a view to include biomass in concrete intended for certain type applications in the construction industry such as temporary works.
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