This research developed and optimized the methods for simultaneous determination of tetracycline (TCs), macrolide (MLs) and sulfonamide (SAs) antibiotics in soils using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)- solid-phase extraction (SPE)-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Methanol-citric acid (pH=4.7) was used as extraction solvent, diatomite (washed by EDTA) was used as dispersing agent. Firstly, soil was extracted by ASE with the parameter conditions: pressure 1500 psi, temperature 70°C, static 10 min, 1 circle, then pre-concentration by SPE and followed by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Recovery was 86.3%~97.4% for SAs, 67.3%~87.4% for TCs and 68.4%~78.3% for MLs. RSD < 9 % and r > 0.99. Limits of detection (LOD) was 0.5~0.9 ug/kg for SAs, 0.2~1.1 ug/kg for TCs and 0.2~0.3 ug/kg for MLs. This method determined 9 kinds of antibiotics within 15 min, the determination accuracy can meet the requirements of actual analysis.

The effects of lighting have extended to non-visual biological field since the intrinsic photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC) was discovered at the beginning of 21st century. More relationships between lighting and health issues have been found since then. In this study, heart rate changes of both the young adults (about 25 years old) and the old adults (about 65 years old) who were exposed to dim lighting with different color (440nm, 460nm, 490nm and 510nm) were recorded. Significant statistical differences were found in the group of young adults, but no difference was found in the group of old adults. The analysis shows that the total light power entered into the eye is more reasonable to evaluate the non-visual effect of heart rate change. As one of the important non-visual effects of lighting is to synchronize the circadian rhythm, the results suggest that even dim color light can show biological effects on the young adults and the elderly may need more light to have the identical effects.