This paper develops a new grey prediction model with quadratic polynomial term. Analytical expressions of the time response function and the restored values of the new model are derived by using grey model technique and mathematical tools. With observations of the confirmed cases, the death cases and the recovered cases from COVID-19 in China at the early stage, the proposed forecasting model is developed. The computational results demonstrate that the new model has higher precision than the other existing prediction models, which show the grey model has high accuracy in the forecasting of COVID-19.

The incidence is rising faster than that for any other cancer in both men and women, and the 5-year survival rate is less than 18%. 1 Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a type of primary liver cancer, which is accounting for approximately 90% of liver cancer. Most HCC patients were diagnosed at the advanced stages, missing the best treatment time, which seriously affected the survival time of patients. 2 Thus, finding the method or marker for early diagnosis is important for prognosis of HCC. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported as a regulator in many cellular processes, such as proliferation and differentiation. 3 circRNAs is a class of noncoding RNAs with a characteristic of circle structure to prevent circRNAs from being degraded by endogenous RNase, therefore stably exist in cells. circRNAs regulated gene expression by sponging mircoRNAs (miRNA), RNA-binding protein (RBP) sequestering agents and transcription regulators. 4 Increasing studies showed that circRNAs play important roles in tumour procession, such as osteosarcoma cell 5 , leukaemia 6 , lung cancer 7 and cervical cancer. 8 Thus, circRNAs might be suitable as potential biomarkers and targets for novel therapeutic approaches for human

CAR-T cell therapy has demonstrated encouraging therapeutic effects when treating haematological malignancies. 1,2 Two CAR-T treatments targeting CD19 have been launched successfully. 3,4 CAR-T targeting the B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) has also shown positive therapeutic effects in clinical trials. [5][6][7] However, CAR-T cell therapy has not yet had similar results in solid tumours. [8][9][10] Solid tumours have a more complex immunosuppressive microenvironment and there are many immunosuppressive cells and cytokines which inhibit the activation and survival of CAR-T cells within the tumour. 11,12 The dense extracellular matrix (ECM) also prevents CAR-T cells from infiltrating into solid tumours and can affect CAR-T cell activity. 13,14 During cultivation, additional cytokines, such as IL7 and IL15, can promote the effective proliferation and maintenance of the memory phenotype of CAR-T cells. 15,16 However, adding extra IL-7 during cultivation has no effect in vivo. It is difficult for T cells, including CAR-T cells, to penetrate the extracellular matrix and thus infiltrate the tumour. 13,14 Reports suggest that recombinant hyaluronidase rHPH20

Objective. Osteosarcoma, usually occurring in the extremities, is the most common malignant bone tumour. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate nomogram-based prognosis tools for survival (OS) and cancer special survival (CSS) of patients with osteosarcoma of the extremities via the application of survival analysis. Materials and Methods. A total of 1427 patients diagnosed with osteosarcoma of the extremities during 2004–2015 were selected from the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results- (SEER-) Medicare database. The samples were randomly assigned to either the training set ( n = 856 ) or the validation cohort ( n = 571 ). Kaplan–Meier (K–M) survival analysis was conducted to calculate patients’ 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS and CSS rates. Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) regression models were employed to identify and examine the factors that have a significant impact on OS and CSS with data from the training cohort. Results. The results of univariate and multivariate analyses performed in the training cohort indicated that older age, increased tumour size, higher grade, distant tumour extension, amputation, or no surgery (all HR > 1 , P < 0.05 ) were risk predictors of poor OS and CSS. Subsequently, the independent prognosis signatures were utilised to construct nomograms. The concordance index (C-index), calibration plot, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were simultaneously used to validate the nomograms. The internally validated C-index values of the OS and CSS prediction models for the training set were 0.752 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.738–0.765) and 0.754 [95% CI: 0.740–0.768], respectively. Then, the models were validated in the validation cohort population, which also demonstrated the models had good reliability for prognostication. Conclusions. The SEER cohort of patients with osteosarcoma of the extremities can be employed to produce effective tools that can assist in prognosis modelling.

Background The calcar femorale was identified long ago. However, our current understanding of the calcar is insufficient, and its related concepts are sometimes confused. The calcar femoral is an important anatomical structure of the proximal femur, and its function can be overlooked. In trauma, tumors, or other diseases, the calcar femorale can be destroyed or changed pathologically. As a result, the mechanical structure of the proximal femur becomes destroyed, causing pathological fractures. How to address the destruction of the calcar femorale or the damage to the calcar femorale is discussed in this article. Main text Destruction of the calcar femorale is accompanied by many conditions, including trauma, tumors, and other diseases. The types of hip fractures caused by trauma include femoral neck fractures and intertrochanteric fractures. Dynamic hip screws, proximal femoral nail anti-rotation, and multiple parallel cannulate pins can be used in different conditions. When metastatic and primary bone tumors involve the calcar femorale, endoprostheses are widely used. Other diseases, such as fibrous dysplasia and aneurysmal bone cyst are treated differently. Conclusions The calcar femorale can redistribute stresses and the destruction of the calcar femorale can lead to an increase in posterior medial stress. Many factors need to be considered when deciding whether to reconstruct the calcar femorale. Effective treatment strategies for managing the destruction of calcar femorale will need first establishing the precise mechanism of the destruction of the calcar and then designing therapies towards these mechanisms. Further investigation to the calcar needs to be carried out.