Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) can realize electricity‐free cooling by reflecting sunlight and emitting heat to the cold space. Current PDRC designs often involve costly vacuum processing or a large quantity of harmful organic solvents. Aqueous and paint‐like processing is cost‐effective and environmentally benign, thereby highly attractive for green manufacturing of PDRC coatings. However, common polymers explored in PDRC are difficult to disperse in water, let alone forming porous structures for efficient cooling. Here, a simple “bottom‐up” ball milling approach to create uniform microassembly of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropene) nanoparticles is reported. The micro‐ and nanopores among secondary particles and primary particles substantially enhance light scattering and results in excellent PDRC performance. A high solar reflectance of 0.94 and high emittance of 0.97 are achieved, making the coating 3.3 and 1.7 °C cooler than commercial white paints and the ambient temperature, under a high solar flux of ≈1100 W m−2. More importantly, the volatile organic compound content in the aqueous paint is only 71 g L−1. This satisfies the general regulatory requirements, which are critical to sustainability and practical applications.
Aqueous
Zn-ion batteries (AZBs) have been proposed as one of the
most promising electrical energy-storage systems due to their low
cost, high safety, environmental friendliness, and high energy density.
However, their application is impeded by the Zn dendrite growth, which
may puncture the separator, causing an internal short circuit. Although
numerous efforts have been devoted to alleviating dendrite issues
by structural design, surface modification, or electrolyte optimization,
there are few works focusing on the fundamental research to understand
the formation of Zn dendrites, which is critical to address the dendrites
issue. In this work, we have systematically investigated the nucleation
and growth behaviors of Zn on a stainless steel substrate. We reveal
the dependence of Zn growth morphology on cycling conditions (current
density and areal capacity) and further elucidate the intricate correlation
with cycle life. It is observed that higher current density corresponds
to higher nuclei density with a smaller size of zinc deposits and
lower areal capacity render smaller zinc flakes, which contributes
to the long cycle life of Zn-ion batteries. Based on these findings,
a seeding protocol is then proposed to improve the uniformity and
compaction of the Zn electrode. The methodology and findings here
can potentially be applied to study the nucleation and growth of other
metals.
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