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Ga 2 O 3 is a promising semiconductor for solar-blind (200−280 nm) photodetectors. Two-dimensional (2D) MXenes have been widely applied in the optoelectronic area owing to their high conductivity and large specific surface area. The few-layered Ti 3 C 2 T x (Ti 3 C 2 T x -few) exhibits elevated properties compared with multilayered Ti 3 C 2 T x . Herein, we innovatively adopt a hydrothermal method to prepare Ti 3 C 2 T x -few. A Ga 2 O 3 −Ti 3 C 2 T x 3D network heterojunction is fabricated by van der Waals interaction between one-dimensional (1D) nanowires and 2D nanosheets using the light trapping effect at the interface of the heterostructure. The van der Waals force between Ga 2 O 3 and Ti 3 C 2 T x -few enhances the contact for the transfer of photoelectrons. The optimal Ga 2 O 3 −5Ti 3 C 2 T x exhibits enhanced responsivity (140.57 mA W −1 ), defectivity (4.87 × 10 12 Jones), and external quantum efficiency (68.66%), which are 6.67, 3.20, and 6.68 times higher than that of pure Ga 2 O 3 nanowires under deepultraviolet light (254 nm). The improved properties of Ga 2 O 3 −xTi 3 C 2 T x heterostructure are attributed to the high conductivity of Ti 3 C 2 T x -few, enhanced separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, decreased Schottky barrier height, enlarged depletion region, increased UV light absorption, and enhanced contact via van der Waals force between Ga 2 O 3 and Ti 3 C 2 T x . In conclusion, the Ga 2 O 3 −Ti 3 C 2 T x heterojunction extends the application of Ti 3 C 2 T x -few and provides a new tactic to improve the performance of the Ga 2 O 3 -based photodetector.

Workplace violence (WPV) is a prevalent phenomenon, especially in the healthcare setting. WPV against healthcare workers (HCWs) has increased during the COVID-19 epidemic. This meta-analysis determined the prevalence and risk factors of WPV. A database search was conducted across six databases in May 2022, which was updated in October 2022. WPV prevalence among HCWs was the main outcome. Data were stratified by WPV/HCW type, pandemic period (early, mid, late), and medical specialty. WPV risk factors were the secondary outcome. All analyses were conducted through STATA. Newcastle Ottawa Scale evaluated the quality. Sensitivity analysis identified effect estimate changes. A total of 38 studies (63,672 HCWs) were analyzed. The prevalence of WPV of any kind (43%), physical (9%), verbal (48%), and emotional (26%) was high. From mid-pandemic to late-pandemic, WPV (40–47%), physical violence (12–23%), and verbal violence (45–58%) increased. Nurses had more than double the rate of physical violence (13% vs. 5%) than physicians, while WPV and verbal violence were equal. Gender, profession, and COVID-19 timing did not affect WPV, physical, or verbal violence risk. COVID-19 HCWs were more likely to be physically assaulted (logOR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.10: 0.97). Most healthcare employees suffer verbal violence, followed by emotional, bullying, sexual harassment, and physical assault. Pandemic-related workplace violence increased. Nurses were twice as violent as doctors. COVID-19 healthcare employees had a higher risk of physical and workplace violence. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-023-27317-2.