Asherman syndrome (AS) refers to the loss of endometrial stem cells and matrix hyperplasia caused by endometrial basal layer injury. Its common clinical manifestations include narrowing of the uterine cavity, reduction in menstrual volume, abdominal pain, amenorrhea, and infertility. According to the cause of AS, treatment includes a mechanical barrier and functional recovery. Because the functional recovery of the endometrium depends on the regeneration of endometrial epithelial cells, in the absence of cell involvement, the effect of repair by mechanical removal of adhesions is limited. Recently, tissue engineering and stem cell therapy have achieved promising progress in the recovery of organ function. Biological scaffolds have been applied to encapsulated stem cells as a therapeutic strategy for repairing endometrial damage. This review explains the progress of intrauterine materials and stem cell combined biopolymers in the study of AS and emphasizes the evidence from animal and clinical trials.