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A recent report from our laboratory shows that subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of melittin could induce persistent spontaneous nociception (PSN) and primary thermal or mechanical hyperalgesia. However, the exact peripheral mechanisms underlying melittin-induced multiple pain-related behaviors remain unclear. In this study, behavioral tests combined with pharmacological manipulations were used to explore potential roles of local P2X and P2Y receptors in melittin-induced inflammatory pain and hyperalgesia. Post-treatment of the primary injury site with s.c. injection of A-317491 (a potent P2X(3)/P2X(2/3) receptor antagonist) and Reactive Blue 2 (a potent P2Y receptor antagonist) could significantly suppress the development of melittin-evoked PSN and hypersensitivity (thermal and mechanical). Our control experiments demonstrated that local administration of either antagonist into the contralateral hindpaw produced no significant effect on any kind of pain-associated behaviors. Taken together, these data indicate that activation of P2X and P2Y receptors might be essential to the maintenance of melittin-induced primary thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia as well as on-going pain.