Using a large panel dataset covering all manufacturing firms (above a minimum scale) in China from 1998 to 2005, this paper examines whether there exist productivity spillovers from foreign direct investment (FDI) to domestic firms. In estimating productivity, we control for a possible simultaneity bias by using semi-parametric estimation techniques. We find that Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan (HMT) invested firms generate negative horizontal spillovers, while Non-HMT foreign invested firms (mostly from OECD countries) tend to bring positive horizontal spillovers in China. These two opposing horizontal effects seem to cancel out at the aggregate level. We also find strong and robust vertical spillover effects on both state-owned firms and non-state firms. However, vertical spillover effects from export-oriented FDI are weaker than those from domestic-market-oriented FDI.

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We prove the developability and C 1,1/2 loc regularity of W 2,2 isometric immersions of n-dimensional domains into R n+1 . As a conclusion we show that any such Sobolev isometry can be approximated by smooth isometries in the W 2,2 strong norm, provided the domain is C 1 and convex. Both results fail to be true if the Sobolev regularity is weaker than W 2,2 .

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