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This study presents a generalised analysis of isolated bidirectional dual active bridge (DAB) dc-dc converter with triple-phase-shift (TPS) control. The multifrequency approximation is used to analyse performance characteristics of DAB, and a novel numerical solver is developed to determine the optimised modulation scheme based on TPS control. Specially, the proposed solver can be considered as a unified solver for determining the optimised operation of DAB with required transmission power and voltage conversion ratio. The multifrequency average model of DAB is then described in this study. A universal control-to-output-voltage transfer function is derived for DAB with any modulation scheme, and the closed-loop operation is discussed based on the proposed average model. Finally, a laboratory prototype is implemented and experimental results verify the theoretical analysis.

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