BACKGROUND
Both programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors and lenvatinib, which have a synergistic effect, are promising drugs for tumor treatment. It is generally believed that combination therapy with a PD-1 inhibitor and lenvatinib is safe and effective. However, we report a case of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), a grade 4 toxicity, after this combination therapy.
CASE SUMMARY
A 39-year-old male presented with erythema, blisters and erosions on the face, neck, trunk and limbs 1 wk after receiving combination therapy with lenvatinib and toripalimab, a PD-1 inhibitor. The skin injury covered more than 70% of the body surface area. He was previously diagnosed with liver cancer with cervical vertebra metastasis. Histologically, prominent necrotic keratinocytes, hyperkeratosis, liquefaction of basal cells and acantholytic bullae were observed in the epidermis. Blood vessels in the dermis were infiltrated by lymphocytes and eosinophils. Direct immunofluorescence staining was negative. Thus, the diagnosis was confirmed to be TEN (associated with combination therapy with toripalimab and lenvatinib). Full-dose and long-term corticosteroids, high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin and targeted antibiotic drugs were administered. The rashes gradually faded; however, as expected, the tumor progressed. Therefore, sorafenib and regorafenib were given in succession, and the patient was still alive at the 10-mo follow-up.
CONCLUSION
Cautious attention should be given to rashes that develop after combination therapy with PD-1 inhibitors and lenvatinib. Large-dose and long-course glucocorticoids may be crucial for the treatment of TEN associated with this combination treatment.
A novel wideband Doherty power amplifier with high-drain efficiency is proposed in this paper. The triode CGH40010F is adopted in carrier amplifier and peak amplifier to realize the power amplification, respectively. The wide bandwidth is achieved by using the two-point impedance matching circuit, which can be applied to achieve good matching of peak output power point and power back-off point at the same time. The drain efficiency at peak output power point is greater than 55.8% and the maximum drain efficiency is 71.3%, while the peak output power is greater than 43.2 dBm (with an error of AE0.7 dBm) from 1.8 to 2.8 GHz. The drain efficiency at 6 dB power back-off point is greater than 45.1% and the maximum drain efficiency is 63.2%.
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