The study aimed to develop simulation models including intracranial aneurysmal and parent vessel geometries, as well as vascular branches, through 3D printing technology. The simulation models focused on the benefits of aneurysmal treatments and clinical education. This prospective study included 13 consecutive patients who suffered from intracranial aneurysms confirmed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the Neurosurgery Department of Shaoxing People's Hospital. The original 3D-DSA image data were extracted through the picture archiving and communication system and imported into Mimics. After reconstructing and transforming to Binary STL format, the simulation models of the hollow vascular tree were printed using 3D devices. The intracranial aneurysm 3D printing simulation model was developed based on DSA to assist neurosurgeons in aneurysmal treatments and residency training. Seven neurosurgical residents and 15 standardization training residents received their simulation model training and gave high assessments for the educational course with the follow-up qualitative questionnaire. 3D printed simulation models based on DSA can perfectly reveal target aneurysms and help neurosurgeons select therapeutic strategies precisely. As an educational tool, the 3D aneurysm vascular simulation model is useful for training residents.

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Plasma TSP-1 levels are elevated and are highly associated with head trauma severity and short-term and long-term outcomes of STBI. TSP-1 may be a good prognostic biomarker of STBI.

Introduction: To investigate the value of carotid cistern drainage in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage during intracranial aneurysm clipping. Material and methods: Patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms were included in this study. During the operation, the craniotomy was performed via a pterional approach to separate the Sylvian cistern and carotid cistern. After completing the clipping of the intracranial aneurysm, a drainage tube was placed in the carotid cistern between the ipsilateral internal carotid artery and optic nerve or lateral internal carotid artery, which was led out through the dura mater, cranial flap foramen or gap and scalp, and connected with an external drainage device. Results: A total of 6 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage, who required craniotomy for clipping, were enrolled in the study. These patients were given carotid cistern drainage during the operation. Among these 6 patients, 2 had anterior communicating aneurysms, 1 had a posterior communicating aneurysm of the internal carotid artery, 2 had middle cerebral artery furcation aneurysms, and 1 patient had multiple intracranial aneurysms. For the Hunt-Hess score before the operation, 5 patients were in grade II and 1 patient was in grade III. Furthermore, the postoperative drainage was unobstructed, with a daily drainage of 130-290 ml of haemorrhagic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Conclusions: The CSF drainage of the carotid cistern applied in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage during the craniotomy for clipping can effectively remove the subarachnoid haemorrhage, control the intracranial hypertension, and reduce the incidence of cerebral vasospasm and hydrocephalus.