The unique optical and electrochemical properties of nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) have led to a wide range of applications such as desalination of seawater, biosensors, nucleic acid detection, photonic crystal lasers, etc. This paper reviews the fabrication conditions of NAA for electrochemical anodization in different acidic solutions, including three widely used acids (sulphuric, oxalic, and phosphoric) and some other acidic solutions. The structure and interpore distance properties of NAA can be varied by the type of electrolyte, concentration of electrolyte, voltage, current density, temperature, and anodizing time during the anodizing process.