Background: One of the particularities of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the tropics is its frequent association with parasitic diseases so frequent in this area. Aim: The aim of this study was to update the epidemiological and clinical profile of intestinal parasites among HIV-positive patients in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) and preventive treatment in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a single health care system, Yalgado Ouédraogo University hospital, between January 2013 and December 2014. A total of 131 HIV-infected patients were included in the study. Blood and Stool samples were collected for CD4 counts and for intestinal parasitic examination using direct, formol-ether concentration, a concentration method using sodium chloride solution, modified Ziehl-Neelsen and Weber modified trichrome. Odds ratio was calculated to estimate the risk attributable to different factors with confidence intervals. Chi-square (X2) or Fisher’s Exact Test statistical analysis was used to test level of significance at p<0.05 using SPSS 20.0.0. Results: A prevalence of 73.3% of intestinal parasites was recorded. Most of the parasitic infections were protozoa (97.9%) with few helminths (2.1%). Cryptosporidium spp. (29.2%), was the most commonly found parasite followed by Entamoeba coli (23.9%) and Isospora belli (21.9%). There were 76 cases (78.5%) of single infection and 20 cases (21.5%) of mixed infection. Paradoxically, patients who use preventive treatment were more infected with opportunistic parasites (p= 0.05, OR=2.16, 95% CI= 1.06-4.40). In multivariate analysis, patients with diarrhea (OR=4.04, 95% CI=1.94-8.41), and illiterate (OR=3.70, 95% CI=1.68-8.14) had higher risk of opportunistic parasites. The diarrheic patients were 0.29 times more likely to be infected with opportunistic parasites. Conclusion: Despite the advent of combination ART and preventive treatment of opportunistic infections, intestinal parasites remain very prevalent and associated with diarrhea among patients with HIV in Ouagadougou.

Corresponding author: Ouédraogo S Macaire, Doctor internist to the University hospital Souro Sanou, Department of internal medicine, immunology and hematology Mail box 676, Teaching Higher institute of the health sciences Abstract Introduction: Malaria and HIV are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. The interaction of these two pathologies raises fundamental as well as therapeutic issues. This study seeks a better understanding of the clinical profile of coinfected biological and therapeutic HIV-Malaria in Children's at Hopital Pédiatrique du jour of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro SANOU (CHUSS), Bobo-Dioulasso.Methodology: It is a cross-sectional study with prospective and retrospective aspects. Included, were patients infected with HIV and followed in the department who's clinical and laboratory diagnosis of malaria had been performed and/or patients with whom the diagnosis of co-infection was done at the occasion of a medical consultation following the consent of the legal representative. Results:The prevalence of coinfection was 3.09%. The clinical signs of severity were dominated by impaired consciousness, convulsions and dehydration. As for biological signs, anemia was found in 65% of patients; leukocytosis was found in 19.6% of coinfected and thrombocytopenia in 9.3% of cases. HIV-1 was the most encountered stereotype and immunocompetent patients accounted for 70.7% of coinfected. Pharmaco therapeutic groups were mainly administered antimalarial (100% of cases), analgesics-antipyretics (79.6% of cases), ART (48.1% of cases), antibiotics, especially cotrimoxazole (21.3% cases). Conclusion:Immunosuppression induced by HIV infection did not appear to be associated with the frequency of occurrence of malaria. Chemo malaria prophylaxis in children living with HIV is not necessary. Consequently, malaria as a reason for consultation could be a gateway for the recruitment of children infected with HIV.