Epidermal electronics have been attracting considerable attention due to their various potential applications in human‐computer interaction and health monitoring. However, because of the lack of a self‐adhesive and stable interconnect method between epidermal electronic sensors and rigid circuit boards, there remain difficulties in detecting body signals accurately by epidermal electronic sensors in daily life. Here, a 3D helical on‐skin interconnect is first introduced for epidermal electronics sensors. Inspired by the structure of the accordion lantern, the interconnect is composed of two electrospinning polyurethane (PU) fiber films and a helical metal fiber. The helical metal fiber acts as a stable conductor with stretchability, and the PU fiber film with polydimethylsiloxane provides a self‐adhesive substrate. Mechanical simulations and tests prove that the proposed interconnect can laminate conformally and unobtrusively onto human skin with excellent electrical stability (less than 0.5% electrical resistance change upon 100% elongation). Furthermore, based on the proposed interconnect, an all‐in‐one sensor‐interconnect design is presented, which endows the epidermal electronic systems with anti‐motion interference capability. A gesture identification wristband system realized by a single all‐in‐one strain sensor is demonstrated. Besides, a wireless on‐skin system that accurately monitors dynamic 12‐lead electrocardiographic is successfully built using all‐in‐one electrodes.
Spatial distribution perception has become an important trend for flexible pressure sensors, which endows wearable health devices, bionic robots, and human–machine interactive interfaces (HMI) with more precise tactile perception capabilities. Flexible pressure sensor arrays can monitor and extract abundant health information to assist in medical detection and diagnosis. Bionic robots and HMI with higher tactile perception abilities will maximize the freedom of human hands. Flexible arrays based on piezoresistive mechanisms have been extensively researched due to the high performance of pressure-sensing properties and simple readout principles. This review summarizes multiple considerations in the design of flexible piezoresistive arrays and recent advances in their development. First, frequently used piezoresistive materials and microstructures are introduced in which various strategies to improve sensor performance are presented. Second, pressure sensor arrays with spatial distribution perception capability are discussed emphatically. Crosstalk is a particular concern for sensor arrays, where mechanical and electrical sources of crosstalk issues and the corresponding solutions are highlighted. Third, several processing methods are also introduced, classified as printing, field-assisted and laser-assisted fabrication. Next, the representative application works of flexible piezoresistive arrays are provided, including human-interactive systems, healthcare devices, and some other scenarios. Finally, outlooks on the development of piezoresistive arrays are given.
With its excellent electrical and mechanical properties and the rapid development of its device fabrication technologies, laser-induced graphene (LIG) has played an important role in the field of wearable technologies since its discovery in 2014. In recent years, with the relentless development of wearable devices, newly developed LIG-based wearable devices also possess multifunction and intelligence characteristics. This review is aimed toward two of the most important fields related to the development of LIG, namely, health care and human–computer interaction (HCI). We introduce multifunctional and intelligent LIG-based wearable systems for health care and HCI developed over the recent years, sorting out their design ideas, preparation process, performance, and application. Furthermore, we discuss the future development direction of LIG-based wearable systems for health care and HCI.
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