No abstract

The global utilization of H 2 O 2 is currently around 4 million tons per year and is expected to continue to increase in the future. H 2 O 2 is mainly produced by the anthraquinone process, which involves multiple steps in terms of alkylanthraquinone hydrogenation/oxidation in organic solvents and liquid-liquid extraction of H 2 O 2 . The energyintensive and environmentally unfriendly anthraquinone process does not meet the requirements of sustainable and lowcarbon development. The electrocatalytic two-electron (2 e À ) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) driven by renewable energy (e.g. solar and wind power) offers a more economical, low-carbon, and greener route to produce H 2 O 2 . However, continuous and decentralized H 2 O 2 electrosynthesis still poses many challenges. This Minireview first summarizes the development of devices for H 2 O 2 electrosynthesis, and then introduces each component, the assembly process, and some optimization strategies.

In the last decade, the functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composites (FG-CNTRCs) have attracted considerable interest due to their excellent mechanical properties, and the structures made of FG-CNTRCs have found broad potential applications in aerospace, civil and ocean engineering, automotive industry, and smart structures. Here we review the literature regarding the mechanical analysis of bulk CNTR nanocomposites and FG-CNTRC structures, aiming to provide a clear picture of the mechanical modeling and properties of FG-CNTRCs as well as their composite structures. The review is organized as follows: (1) a brief introduction to the functionally graded materials (FGM), CNTRCs and FG-CNTRCs; (2) a literature review of the mechanical modeling methodologies and properties of bulk CNTRCs; (3) a detailed discussion on the mechanical behaviors of FG-CNTRCs; and (4) conclusions together with a suggestion of future research trends. functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite, modeling methodology, mechanical properties, beam, plate, shell

Fenton reaction has important implications in biology- and environment-related remediation. Hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and hydroxide (OH–) were formed by a reaction between Fe­(II) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The acidic H2O2/Fe­(II/III) redox-induced low H2O2 utilization efficiency is the bottleneck of Fenton reaction. Electron paramagnetic resonance, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and density functional theory calculation indicate that the unpaired electrons in the defects of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and the carboxylic groups at the edge have a synergistic effect on CQDs Fenton-like catalysis. This leads to a 33-fold higher H2O2 utilization efficiency in comparison with Fe­(II)/H2O2 Fenton reaction, and the pseudo-first-order reaction rate constant (k obs) increases 38-fold that of Fe­(III)/H2O2 under equivalent conditions. The replacement of acidic H2O2/Fe­(II/III) redox with CQD-mediated Fe­(II/III) redox improves the sluggish Fe­(II) generation. Highly effective production of •OH in CQDs-Fe­(III)/H2O2 dramatically decreases the selectivity of toxic intermediate benzoquinone. The inorganic ions and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in real groundwater show negligible effects on the CQDs Fenton-like catalysis process. This work presents a process with a higher efficiency of utilization of H2O2 in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) to remove persistent organic pollutants.